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Dvar Malchus

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ืžืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉ"ืค ืฉืœื—, ืžื‘ื”"ื— ืชืžื•ื– ื”'ืชื ืฉ"ื


ื. ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื›ืž"ืค ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื” ื“ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข[1] โ€“ ืฉืืฃ ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ืช ืงื•ืจื™ืŸ ืคืจืฉื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœื–ืžืŸ ื–ื”[2], ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืžื™ืžื™ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืคืจืฉื” ื”ืฉื™ื™ืš ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœื™ื•ื ื–ื”[3], ืž"ืž, ื›ืœ ืคืจืฉื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื›ืœ ื—ืœืง ืคืจื˜ื™ ืฉื‘ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ื’ื ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื” (ืž"ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช" ืขื“ "ืœืขื™ื ื™ ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ"), ืฉื”ื™ื (ื›ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืคืจืฉืชื ื•[4]) "ืชื•ืจื” ืื—ืช"[5], ื›ืžื• ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ืื—ืช, ืฉื›ืœ ื—ืœืง ืฉื‘ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ืขื ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื›ื•ืœื”, ื›ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื‘ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ื“ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช (ื”ืกืšึพื”ื›ืœ ื“ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข[6]) ืฉืงื•ืจื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื›ื•ืœื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœืชื” ืขื“ ืกื•ืคื” (ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื•ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™' ื•ืœืื—ืจื™').

ื•ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื–ื” โ€“ ืคืจืฉืช ืฉืœื—:

ืคืจืฉืช ืฉืœื— ืขื•ืกืงืช (ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื”) ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ โ€“ ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื, ื”ื—ืœ ืžืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื (ืžื”ืชื—ืœืช ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืขื“ ืฉื ื™), ื”ืœื™ื›ืชื ื•ื‘ื™ืืชื, ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื ืœืžืฉื” ื•ืื”ืจืŸ ื•ื›ืœ ืขื“ืช ื‘ื "ื™, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืชืœืฉืœื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืœื–ื”, ืขื“ ืœื”ืขื•ื ืฉ ื•ื›ื•' (ืžืฉื ื™ ืขื“ ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื—ืžื™ืฉื™), ื•ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืœื–ื” ื’ื ืคืจืฉืช ื ืกื›ื™ื, "ื›ื™ ืชื‘ื•ืื• ืืœ ืืจืฅ ืžื•ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ื›ื ื’ื•' ื•ืขืฉื™ืชื ืืฉื” ืœื”' ื’ื•' ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืกืš ื•ื’ื•'"[7], ืฉืืฃ ืฉื—ื˜ืื• ื•ื ื’ื–ืจื” ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืขืœื™ื”ื, ืž"ืž, "ื‘ื™ืฉืจ[8] ืœื”ื ืฉื™ื›ื ืกื• ืœืืจืฅ"[9] (ืžืกื•ืฃ ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ืขื“ ืฉืฉื™[10]) โ€“ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื—ื“ ืืจื•ืš ืฉืžืฉืชืจืข ืขืœ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืคืจืฉื”, ืืฉืจ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“ืข ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื›ื•ืœื•, ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื—ืœืง ืื—ื“ ื‘ืคืจืฉื”, ืืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื”ื”ืžืฉืš ื‘ืฉืืจ ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืขื“ ืœืกื™ื•ื ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื›ื•ืœื•, ืฉื‘ื–ื” ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ืฉ(ืจื•ื‘) ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื”ื (ืขื ื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื•)ืคืจืฉื” ืื—ืช.

ื•ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื™ืงืจ[11] โ€“ ืฉืกื™ื•ืžื” ื•ื—ื•ืชืžื” ืฉืœ ืคืจืฉืช ืฉืœื— ("ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื•ืœืš ืื—ืจ ื”ื—ื™ืชื•ื"[12]) ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช[13], ืฉืขื ื”ื™ื•ืชื” ืžืฆื•ื” ืคืจื˜ื™ืช (ื' ืžืชืจื™"ื’ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”), ื”"ื” "ืฉืงื•ืœื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช", ืฉื ืืžืจ[14] "ื•ืจืื™ืชื ืื•ืชื• ื•ื–ื›ืจืชื ืืช ื›ืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”'", ืฉ"ืžื ื™ืŸ ื’ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช ืฉืฉ ืžืื•ืช, ื•ืฉืžื•ื ื” ื—ื•ื˜ื™ื ื•ื—ืžืฉื” ืงืฉืจื™ื ื”ืจื™ ืชืจื™"ื’"[15], ื•ื“ื•ื’ืžืชื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื›ืœ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื•ืคืจืฉื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ื•ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื›ืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื” ื”ื™ื "ืชื•ืจื” ืื—ืช".

ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ: (ื) ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื ื‘ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืง, ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉื”ื“ื’ืฉืช ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืฉืœื— ื“ื•ืงื ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืขื ืชื•ื›ืŸ (ืจื•ื‘) ื”ืคืจืฉื” โ€“ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื, (ื‘) ื”ืงืฉืจ ื•ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืงื•ืจื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืคืจืฉืช ืฉืœื—, ื‘ืกื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืกื™ื•ืŸ, ื›ื“ืœืงืžืŸ.

ื‘. ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืืจ ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื“ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื โ€“ ื”ืŸ ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข, ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืกื™ื•ื ื•ื—ื•ืชื ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื›ื•ืœื”[16], ืืฉืจ, ืขื ื”ื™ื•ืชื” "ืžืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืจืฉื”"[17], ืฉืžืกื•ืคืจ ื‘ื” ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ืข"ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข[18], ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืžืกื•ืคืจ ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ืข"ื™ ืžืฉื” (ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืžืคืจืฉื™ื[19]), ื•ืžื”ื:

ื ื‘ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื“ืžืฉื” ื ืืžืจ "ืฉืœื— ืœืš", ื•ืžืคืจืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™ (ืคืฉื•ื˜ื• ืฉืœ ืžืงืจื) "ืœื“ืขืชืš, ืื ื™ ืื™ื ื™ ืžืฆื•ื” ืœืš, ืื ืชืจืฆื” ืฉืœื—", ืžืฉื"ื› ื‘ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื“ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข "ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ืœื ืขืฉื” ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืžื“ืขืชื• ืจืง ืฉื”ืฉื™"ืช ืฆื™ื•ื”ื• ืข"ื›"[20], ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช (ื•ืขื“ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืคืจืฉ ื‘ืงืจื) ืฉืœืื—ืจื™ ื”ืงืœืงื•ืœ ืฉื”ื™' ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ืžื“ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” (ืœืœื ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ื”ืงื‘"ื”), ืœื ื”ื™' ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืฉื•ืœื— ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ืžื“ืขืชื•, ื•ืขื›ืฆ"ืœ "ืฉื”ืฉื™"ืช ืฆื™ื•ื”ื• ืข"ื›".

ื‘ ื‘ืžืฉื” ื›ืชื™ื‘ "ืฉืœื— ืœืš ืื ืฉื™ื ("ืื ืฉื™ื" ื“ื™ื™ืงื, ื•ืœื ืžืจื’ืœื™ื[21]) ื•ื™ืชื•ืจื• ืืช ืืจืฅ ื›ื ืขืŸ" (ื•ืœื "ื•ื™ื—ืคืจื• (ื•ื™ืจื’ืœื•) ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ"[22]), ื•ื‘ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื›ืชื™ื‘ "ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืจื’ืœื™ื", ืœื—ืคื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ"[23], "ืœื—ืคื•ืจ[24] ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ืื•"[25].

ื’ ื‘ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื“ืžืฉื” ื ืืžืจ "ืื™ืฉ ืื—ื“ ืื™ืฉ ืื—ื“ ืœืžื˜ื” ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ืชืฉืœื—ื•", ื™"ื‘ ืื ืฉื™ื ("ืฉื ื™ื ืขืฉืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืื™ืฉ ืื—ื“ ืœืฉื‘ื˜"[26]), ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื“ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื ืืžืจ "ื•ื™ืฉืœื— ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื’ื•' ืฉื ื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื".

ื“ ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื“ืžืฉื” ื”ื ื ืฉื™ืื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, "ื›ืœ ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื . . ืจืืฉื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืžื” ื•ืืœื” ืฉืžื•ืชื ื’ื•'", ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื“ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื ืืžืจ "ืฉื ื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื" ืกืชื, ื•ืœื ื ืชืคืจืฉ ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘[27] ืžื™ ื”ื™ื• ืฉื ื™ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื (ืฉืžื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ืขืื›ื•"ื› ืžืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื).

ื” ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื“ืžืฉื” ื”ื™' ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ ืคื™ืจืกื•ื โ€“ ื”ืŸ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื‘ื "ื™, ืฉื™ื“ืขื• ื›ื•ืœื ืข"ื“ ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื[28], ื•ื›ืฉื—ื–ืจื• ืžืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืชื ื ืืžืจ[29] "ื•ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื• ืื•ืชื ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื“ื”", ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ืœื ื”ืฉืชื“ืœื• ืœื”ื˜ืžื™ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื (ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืจื’ื™ืฉื• ื‘ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืชื ื•ื™ื—ืฉื“ื• ื‘ื”ื) ืขื™"ื– ืฉื›ืœ ื' ืžื”ื ื™ืœืš ืœื‘ื“ื• ืœืจื’ืœ ื—ืœืง ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ[30], ืืœื ื”ืœื›ื• ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืœื›ืœ, ื•ืขื“ ืฉื”ื™' ืฆื•ืจืš ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ื™ืขืฉื” ื ืก ืฉืœื ื™ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื, "ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉืขื‘ืจื ื• ืžืฆืื ื•ื ืงื•ื‘ืจื™ ืžืชื™ื . . ื›ื“ื™ ืœื˜ืจื“ื ื‘ืื‘ืœื ื•ืœื ื™ืชื ื• ืœื‘ ืœืืœื•"[31]; ืžืฉื"ื› ื‘ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื“ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ืงืจื "ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื—ืจืฉ" โ€“ ื”ืŸ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื‘ื "ื™, ืฉ"ื‘ืกืชืจ ืฉืœื—ื ื›ื™ ืœื ืจืฆื” ืฉื™ื“ืขื• ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ"[32], ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืฉื—ื–ืจื• ืžืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืชื ื›ืชื™ื‘[33] "ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืืœ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื’ื•' ื•ื™ืกืคืจื• ืœื• ื’ื•' ื•ื™ืืžืจื• ืืœ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข" (ื•ืœื ืœื›ืœ ื‘ื "ื™[34]), ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ, ืฉ"ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ืขืฉื• ืขืฆืžื›ื ื›ื—ืจืฉื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืกืชื™ืจื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืžืคื ื™ื›ื, ื“"ื ื—ืจืฉ ื—ืจืก, ื”ื˜ืขื™ื ื• ืขืฆืžื›ื ืงื“ืจื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื”ื™ื• ื ืจืื™ืŸ ื›ืงื“ืจื™ืŸ"[35], ื•ืขื“ ืฉื‘ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืชื ื”ื•ืฆืจื›ื• ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ื ืฉืœื ื™ืจืื•ื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื›ืž"ืฉ[36] "ื•ืชืงื— ื”ืืฉื” ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ืชืฆืคื ื• . . ื•ืชืืžืจ ืœื”ื ื”ื”ืจื” ืœื›ื• ืคืŸ ื™ืคื’ืขื• ื‘ื›ื ื”ืจื•ื“ืคื™ื ื•ื ื—ื‘ืชื ืฉืžื” ื’ื•'".

ื• ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื“ืžืฉื” "ื”ืœื›ื• ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืœื™' (ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ) ื‘ืื•ืจืš ื•ื‘ืจื•ื—ื‘"[37], "ืืจื‘ืข ืžืื•ืช ืคืจืกื” ืขืœ ืืจื‘ืข ืžืื•ืช ืคืจืกื”"[38] (ื‘ืžืฉืš ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื[39]), ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื“ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข, ืืฃ ืฉื ืฆื˜ื•ื• "ืœื›ื• ืจืื• ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืืช ื™ืจื™ื—ื•"18 (ืœื ืจืง ื™ืจื™ื—ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืืœื ื’ื ื”ืืจืฅ), ืž"ืž, ืœื ื–ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉื ื›ื ืกื• ืœื™ืจื™ื—ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ืœื ืœืฉืืจ ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืืจืฅ, ืืœื ืขื•ื“ ื–ืืช, ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืืช ื™ืจื™ื—ื• ืขืฆืžื” ืœื ื”ืกืคื™ืงื• ืœืชื•ืจ, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืื•ืชื• ืœื™ืœื” ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื‘ื™ืชื” ืฉืœ ืจื—ื‘, ื”ื•ืจื™ื“ืชื ืจื—ื‘ ื‘ืขื“ ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืชื” ืฉื‘ืงื™ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืžื” ืืœ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืขื™ืจ, "ื•ื™ืœื›ื• ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ื”ื”ืจื” ื•ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื ืฉืœืฉืช ื™ืžื™ื ืขื“ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืจื•ื“ืคื™ื"[40], ื•ืชื™ื›ืฃ ื—ื–ืจื• ืœื™ื”ื•ืฉืข, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื ืกืชื™ื™ืžื” ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืชื.

ื’. ื•ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื‘ื–ื” โ€“ ืฉืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื“ืžืฉื” ื•ื“ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื”ื ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ืžืฆื˜ืจืคื•ืช ื–ื• ืœื–ื• ื•ืžืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ื–ื• ืืช ื–ื• ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžื˜ืจื” ืื—ืช, ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื•ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืืจืฅ.

ื•ื‘ื”ืงื“ืžื” โ€“ ืฉืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืฉืชื™ ืžื˜ืจื•ืช: (ื) ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ โ€“ "ื›ื“ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืœื”ืœื—ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื ื›ืจื™' ืฉืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื”ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื•ืžื‘ื•ื ื”ืขืจื™ื, ื•ื‘ืฉื•ื‘ื ื™ืœื›ื• ื”ืชืจื™ื ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืฆื‘ื ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ื”ื ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื . . ืฉื™ืชื ื• ืœื”ื ืขืฆื” ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ืขื™ืจ ื™ืœื—ืžื• ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื•ืžืื™ื–ื” ืฆื“ ื™ื”ื™' ื ื•ื— ืœื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ"[41], (ื‘) ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืืจืฅ (ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื” ืœืื—ืจื™ ื•ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืœื”ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ) โ€“ ืฉื™ื“ืขื• ื•ื™ื›ื™ืจื• ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืจืฅ, ืขื™"ื– "ืฉื™ื’ื™ื“ื•41 ืœื”ื ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ืœืฉืžื—ื ื‘ืžืขืœื•ืชื™' . . ื•ื™ืขืœื• ื‘ื” ื‘ื—ืคืฅ ื’ื“ื•ืœ"[42].

ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื“ืžืฉื” (ืœื“ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”[43]) ืœื ื”ื™' (ื›"ื›) ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืืจืฅ, ืœื“ืขืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื•ืžื‘ื•ื ื”ืขืจื™ื (ื›ื™ ื‘ื–ืžื ื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืœื ื”ื™' ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ), ืืœื (ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ) ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืชื™' ื•ืžืขืœื•ืชื™' ืฉืœ ื”ืืจืฅ; ื•ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื“ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืœื ื”ื™' ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื›ืจืช ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืžืขืœื•ืช ื”ืืจืฅ (ืฉืชื•ืขืœืช ื–ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืขืฉืชื” ืข"ื™ ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื“ืžืฉื”), ืืœื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืืจืฅ, ืœื“ืขืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื•ืžื‘ื•ื ื”ืขืจื™ื (ื›ื™ ื‘ื–ืžื ื• ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื”ื™' ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื›ืš), ื›ื“ืœืงืžืŸ.

ื“. ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ:

ืืข"ืค ืฉื‘ืงืฉืช ื‘ื "ื™ ืœืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” "ื•ื™ื—ืคืจื• ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื• ืื•ืชื ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืืฉืจ ื ืขืœื” ื‘ื” ื•ืืช ื”ืขืจื™ื ืืฉืจ ื ื‘ื•ื ืืœื™ื”ืŸ (ืชื—ืœื” ืœื›ื‘ื•ืฉ)"[44], ืž"ืž, ืœื ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืžืฉื” ืœื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ืฉื ืฆื˜ื•ื• ืœื—ืคื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืœื™ื“ืข ืžื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื ื•ื—ื” ืœื™ื›ื‘ืฉ[45].

ื•ื˜ืขื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ โ€“ ื™"ืœ ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช โ€“ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืืจืฅ ืœื ื”ื™' ื›ื“ืจืš ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื‘ืฉื™ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื‘ืข, ืืœื ืข"ื™ ื”ืงื‘"ื”[46], ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืžืฉื” (ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ื›ื—ื”[47] ืขืœ ื‘ืงืฉืชื "ื ืฉืœื—ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื ื• ื•ื™ื—ืคืจื• ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ") "ื”' ืืœืงื™ื›ื ื”ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืคื ื™ื›ื ื”ื•ื ื™ืœื—ื ืœื›ื . . ื”ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืคื ื™ื›ื . . ื‘ืืฉ ืœื™ืœื” ืœืจืื•ืชื›ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืืฉืจ ืชืœื›ื• ื‘ื” ื•ื‘ืขื ืŸ ื™ื•ืžื"[48], ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš (ื•ืขืื›ื•"ื› ื”ื›ืจื—) ืœื‘ืจืจ "ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืืฉืจ ื ืขืœื” ื‘ื”", ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืขื ืŸ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืคื ื™ื”ื ื•ืžืจืื” ืœื”ื ื”ื“ืจืš[49].

ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื (ื›ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ืงืจื) "ื•ื™ืฉืœื— ืื•ืชื ืžืฉื” ืœืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ . . ื•ืจืื™ืชื ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ" โ€“ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื˜ื™ื‘ ื”ืืจืฅ, ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืชื™' ื•ืžืขืœื•ืชื™'[50]: "ื•ืจืื™ืชื ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืžื” ื”ื™ื ื’ื•' ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื’ื•' ื”ืฉืžื ื” ื”ื™ื ื’ื•'"[51] (ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืฆื•ื "ื•ื”ืชื—ื–ืงืชื ื•ืœืงื—ืชื (ื”ืฉืชื“ืœื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื”) ืžืคืจื™ ื”ืืจืฅ", ืฉื™ืจืื• ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™' ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ืฉืžื ื™ื). ื•ืœื ืขื•ื“ ืืœื ืฉื’ื ืจืื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื ("ื•ืจืื™ืชื . . ืืช ื”ืขื ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœื™' ื”ื—ื–ืง ื”ื•ื ื”ืจืคื” ื”ืžืขื˜ ื”ื•ื ืื ืจื‘") ื”ื™ื (ืœื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืื ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืืจืฅ ื™ื”ื™' ื‘ื ืงืœ ืื ืœืื•, ืืœื) ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื˜ื™ื‘ ื”ืืจืฅ ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœื™' โ€“ ื›ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™: "ื™ืฉ ืืจืฅ ืžื’ื“ืœืช ื’ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื™ืฉ ืืจืฅ ืžื’ื“ืœืช ื—ืœืฉื™ื ("ื”ื—ื–ืง ื”ื•ื ื”ืจืคื”"), ื™ืฉ (ืืจืฅ) ืžื’ื“ืœืช ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืžืขื˜ืช ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ" ("ื”ืžืขื˜ ื”ื•ื ืื ืจื‘"). ื•ื’ื ืจืื™ื™ืช "ื”ืขืจื™ื ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ื”ื ื” ื”ื‘ืžื—ื ื™ื ืื ื‘ืžื‘ืฆืจื™ื" ื”ื™ื (ืœื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืื ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืืจืฅ ื™ื”ื™' ื‘ื ืงืœ ืื ืœืื•, ืืœื) ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืœ"ื”ื—ื–ืง ื”ื•ื ื”ืจืคื”" โ€“ ื›ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™: "ืกื™ืžืŸ ืžืกืจ ืœื”ื ืื ื‘ืคืจื–ื™ื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื–ืงื™ื ื”ื ืฉืกื•ืžื›ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื, ื•ืื ื‘ืขืจื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ืœืฉื™ื ื”ื" โ€“ ืฉืžื–ื” ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื˜ื™ื‘ ื”ืืจืฅ, ืื ื”ื™ื "ืืจืฅ ืžื’ื“ืœืช ื’ื‘ื•ืจื™ื" ืื• "ืืจืฅ ืžื’ื“ืœืช ื—ืœืฉื™ื"[52].

ื•ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื–ื• (ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื˜ื™ื‘ ื”ืืจืฅ) ื ืชืงื™ื™ืžื” ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ืื” ืข"ื™ ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื โ€“ "ื‘ืื ื• ืืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ืืฉืจ ืฉืœื—ืชื ื• ื•ื’ื ื–ื‘ืช ื—ืœื‘ ื•ื“ื‘ืฉ ื”ื™ื ื•ื–ื” ืคืจื™'"[53], ื•ืื™ืœื• ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžืงืœืงืœื™ื ืข"ื™ ื”ื”ื•ืกืคื” ืฉืœื”ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช (ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืืจืฅ[54]), "ืืคืก ื›ื™ ืขื– ื”ืขื ื’ื•' ืœื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืœื•ืช ื’ื•'"[55], ื”ื™ื• ื›ืœ ื‘ื "ื™ ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืืจืฅ ืžื™ื“ ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ื‘ื—ืคืฅ ื’ื“ื•ืœ.

ื•ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื“ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข โ€“ ืœื ื ืฉืœื—ื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื˜ื™ื‘ ื”ืืจืฅ (ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื–ื• ื ืชืงื™ื™ืžื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ืื” ืข"ื™ ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื“ืžืฉื”), ืืœื ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืชื ื”ื™ืชื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื›ื™, ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืืจืฅ ืข"ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืœื ื”ื™' ื‘ื“ืจื’ื (ื ืขืœื™ืช ื›"ื›) ื›ืžื• ื”ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืฉื”ื™' ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืข"ื™ ืžืฉื”[56], ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ื’ื ืœืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื‘ืข[57], ื”ื—ืœ ืžืฉื™ืœื•ื— ืžืจื’ืœื™ื, ื›ื“ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืœื”ืœื—ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื ื›ืจื™'[58].

ื”. ืขืค"ื– ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืืจ ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื“ืžืฉื” ืœืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื“ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข:

ื‘ื–ืžื ื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืœื ืฆื•ื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืžืจื’ืœื™ื, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืกื™ื‘ื” (ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช) ืœืฉื™ืœื•ื— ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื›ื“ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืœื”ืœื—ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื ื›ืจื™' ืื™ื ื” ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ื‘ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืืจืฅ ืข"ื™ ื”ืงื‘"ื”. ืืœื "ืœืคื™ ืฉื‘ืื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืืžืจื• ื ืฉืœื—ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื ื•", ืฉืจืฆื•ื ื ื”ื™' ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืคื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ, ื”ืกื›ื™ื ืžืฉื” ืœื›ืš ืžืชื•ืš ืชืงื•ื” ืฉื™ื—ื–ืจื• ื‘ื”ื ื›ืฉื™ืจืื• ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืขื›ื‘[59], ื•ื‘ืจืื•ืชื• ืฉืื™ื ื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื, "ื ืžืœืš ื‘ืฉื›ื™ื ื”" ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืœืฉื™ืœื•ื— ืžืจื’ืœื™ื (ืœื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืคื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ, ืืœื ื›ื“ื™) ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื˜ื™ื‘ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื•ืืžืจ ืœื• ื”ืงื‘"ื” "ืฉืœื— ืœืš", "ืœื“ืขืชืš . . ืื ืชืจืฆื” ืฉืœื—"[60], ื”ื™ื™ื ื•, ืฉืžืฆื“ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื’ื ืœื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืจืื™ื™ืช ื˜ื™ื‘ ื”ืืจืฅ, ืฉื”ืจื™ "ืื ื™ ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื”ื ืฉื”ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ[61] ืืขืœื” ืืชื›ื ืžืขื ื™ ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื’ื•'", ื•ืืขืค"ื› ื”ื™ืชื” ื“ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ืฉื™ืจืื• ืืช ื˜ื™ื‘ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื›ื™, ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืจื•ืขืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืจืื” ื•ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืฉืœื”ื ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืข"ื“ ื˜ื™ื‘ ื”ืืจืฅ ืžืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืจืื•ื” ืชื—ื™ืœื”, "ืฉื™ื’ื™ื“ื• ืœื”ื ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ืœืฉืžื—ื ื‘ืžืขืœื•ืชื™' . . ื•ื™ืขืœื• ื‘ื” ื‘ื—ืคืฅ ื’ื“ื•ืœ".

ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ืืžืจ "ืฉืœื— ืœืš ืื ืฉื™ื (ื•ืœื ืžืจื’ืœื™ื) ื•ื™ืชื•ืจื• (ื•ืœื ื•ื™ื—ืคืจื•) ืืช ืืจืฅ ื›ื ืขืŸ ืืฉืจ ืื ื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื™ืฉ ืื—ื“ ืื™ืฉ ืื—ื“ ืœืžื˜ื” ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ืชืฉืœื—ื• ื›ืœ ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื" (ื™"ื‘ ื ืฉื™ืื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ) โ€“ ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืชื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ "ืœืฉืžื—ื ื‘ืžืขืœื•ืชื™' . . ื•ื™ืขืœื• ื‘ื” ื‘ื—ืคืฅ ื’ื“ื•ืœ", ื”ื™' ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืฉืœื•ื— ื”ื ืฉื™ืื™ื ื“ื›ืœ ื™"ื‘ ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื, ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืžื›ื™ืจ ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื•ื“ื•ืื’ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื•ืžืฉืชื“ืœ ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ื˜ื•, ืฉื™ืจืื• ื‘ืžื• ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ืืช ื›ืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืชืชื—ืœืง ืœื™"ื‘ ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ[62], ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื˜ ืžื™"ื‘ ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ื™ืฉืžืข ืžื”ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื• ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื›ื•ืœื” (ื•ื‘ืžื™ืœื ื’ื ื”ื—ืœืง ื“ืฉื‘ื˜ ื–ื”) ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืžืื“, ื™ืฉืžื— ืœื‘ ื‘ื "ื™ ื•ื™ืขืœื• ื‘ื” ื‘ื—ืคืฅ ื’ื“ื•ืœ.

ื•ืžื˜ืขื ื–ื” ื”ืœื›ื• ื›ืœ ื™"ื‘ ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ืœืชื•ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ, ืœืืจื›ื” ื•ืœืจื—ื‘ื” (ื‘ืžืฉืš ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื), ื•ืœื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ื' ืžื”ื ื™ืœืš ืœื—ืœืง ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืฉื‘ื˜ื• โ€“ ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื“ื™"ื‘ ื ืฉื™ืื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื›ืœ ื ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืขื™ื“ ื•ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœืฉื‘ื˜ื• ืฉืจืื” ื‘ืžื• ืขื™ื ื™ื• ืืช ื—ืœืงื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ื”ืจื™, ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœื ื ืชื—ืœืงื” ื”ืืจืฅ ืœื™"ื‘ ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ืœื ื”ื™' ื™ื“ื•ืข ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื˜ ื•ืฉื‘ื˜[63] (ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื” ืข"ืค ื’ื•ืจืœ, ื›ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ืงืจื[64] (ืฉื ืืžืจ ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ืช ื”ืืจื‘ืขื™ื) "ืืš ื‘ื’ื•ืจืœ ื™ื—ืœืง ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ", ื•ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื” ืข"ืค ื”ื’ื•ืจืœ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ[65] ื”ื™ืชื” ืœืื—ืจื™ ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืืจืฅ ืข"ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข[66]), ื”ื•ืฆืจื›ื• ื›ืœ ื™"ื‘ ื”ื ืฉื™ืื™ื ืœืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื›ื•ืœื”, ืฉืขื™"ื– ื™ื“ืขื• ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช ืฉืจืื• ื’ื ื—ืœืงื ื‘ืืจืฅ.

ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืชื ื‘ืคื™ืจืกื•ื (ื•ืคืฉื™ื˜ื ืฉืœื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“"ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื—ืจืฉ") โ€“ ืœื ืžื‘ืขื™ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ื“ื›ืœ ื‘ื "ื™, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืชื ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื™ื’ื™ื“ื• ืœื›ืœ ื‘ื "ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื— ืœื‘ื ื•ื™ืขืœื• ื‘ื—ืคืฅ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืืœื ื’ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ, ืฉื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš ืฉืœื ืขืฉื• ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื˜ืžื™ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื›ืžืจื’ืœื™ื (ืฉืžืฉืชื“ืœื™ื ื’ื ืœื”ืชืขืจื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื”ื ื•ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื ืื ืคื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืžื”ืื•ื™ื‘ ื•ื›ื™ื•"ื‘), ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื ืฉืœื—ื• ืœืจื’ืœ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ, ืœื ื—ืฉืฉื• ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืชืฉื•ืžืชึพืœื‘ ื“ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ืข"ื™ ื”ืœื™ื›ืชื ื™ื—ื“ (ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืœื ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืชื ื‘ืจืื™ื™ืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช, ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื™ืจืื• ื›ืœ ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ื›ื•ืœื”), ื›ื™, ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื•ื ืข"ื™ ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ืฉืœื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื‘ืข, ื›ืš ื’ื ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื•ื”ืœื™ื›ืช ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื‘ืข, ืœืœื ื—ืฉืฉ ืžืกื›ื ื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช (ืืœื ืฉื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืขืฉื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื ืก ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื˜ืจื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืื‘ืœื ื•ืœื ื™ืชื ื• ืœื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื).

ืžืฉื"ื› ื‘ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื“ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข โ€“ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืชื ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืœืจืื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืืจืฅ (ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื ื•ื“ืข ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืข"ื™ ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื“ืžืฉื”), ืืœื ืข"ื“ ื•ื‘ื“ื•ื’ืžืช[67] ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืœื”ืœื—ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื ื›ืจื™' ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื‘ืข, ืœื›ืŸ, "ื•ื™ืฉืœื— ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืฉื ื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื—ืจืฉ": ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ืœื ื™"ื‘, ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืกืชื, ื•ืœื ื ืฉื™ืื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื™"ื‘ ื ืฉื™ืื™ื ื”ื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืœื›ืœ ื‘ื "ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื—ืœืงื™', ืื‘ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจื’ืœ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืžืกืคื™ืง (ื•ืื“ืจื‘ื”: ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ) ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืฉื ื™ื (ื•ืœื ื™"ื‘) ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืกืชื (ืœื ื ืฉื™ืื™ื) [68], ื•"ืžืจื’ืœื™ื (ืฉืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืชื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“)ื—ืจืฉ" ื“ื•ืงื, ื”ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื‘ื "ื™, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืฉื›ืœ ื‘ื "ื™ ื™ื“ืขื• ืฉื ืฉืœื—ื• ืžืจื’ืœื™ื (ื•ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื•ืžืคืจืกืžื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืชืคืจืกื ืœื—ื•ืฅ), ื›ื™ ืื ืฉืจื™ ื”ืฆื‘ื ื•ื›ื™ื•"ื‘, ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื™ืœื›ื• ื‘ื”, ื•ืขืื›ื•"ื› ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ, ืฉื”ื•ืฆืจื›ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืกืชื™ืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžื.

ื•ื‘ืฉืžืขื ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื—ื‘ "ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ื›ื™ ื ืชืŸ ื”' ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื›ื™ ื ืคืœื” ืื™ืžืชื›ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ื•ื›ื™ ื ืžื•ื’ื• ื›ืœ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ืžืคื ื™ื›ื . . ื•ื™ืžืก ืœื‘ื‘ื ื• ื•ืœื ืงืžื” ืขื•ื“ ืจื•ื— ื‘ืื™ืฉ ืžืคื ื™ื›ื"[69] โ€“ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฆืืช ืœืจื—ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืขื™ืจ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืžื” ื‘ืคื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ (ืœืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืชื—ื‘ืื• ื’' ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื”ืจ ืขื“ ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืจื•ื“ืคื™ื) ื—ื–ืจื• ืืœ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ืืžืจื• "ื›ื™ ื ืชืŸ ื”' ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื’ื ื ืžื•ื’ื• ื›ืœ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ืžืคื ื™ื ื•"[70], ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืชืžืœืื” ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืชื.

ื•. ืขืค"ื– ืžืชื•ืจืฆืช ืชืžื™ื”ื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื:

ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื›"ืž ืข"ื“ ืžืขืœืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื โ€“ ื›ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ืงืจื "ื›ื•ืœื ืื ืฉื™ื ("ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช, ื•ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื” ื›ืฉืจื™ื ื”ื™ื•") ืจืืฉื™ ืืœืคื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืžื”", ืฉื ื‘ื—ืจื• ืžื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื‘ื "ื™ ("ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื›ื ืžืŸ ื”ืžืกื•ืœืชื™ื ืฉื‘ื›ื"[71]) โ€“ ืฉ"ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžืื“ ื•ืœื ืจืฆื• ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžื ืœืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžืขืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™' ื”ืžืฉื›ืช ืื•ืจ ื"ืก ื‘"ื” ืœืžื˜ื” . . ื•ืจืฆื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื“ื•ืงื"[72], ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื™' ื›ืœ ืขืกืงื ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” (ืฉื ื™ืชื ื” ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ[73], ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื•ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืขื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื (ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืขืกืง ื“ืื“ื ื—ื•ืจืฉ ืื“ื ื–ื•ืจืข)), ื•ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš, ืฉื’ื ืœืื—ืจื™ ื”ื—ื˜ื ื ืืžืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืฉ"ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื—ืœืง ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื"[74] ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืžื“ืจื’ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื, ืฉืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ืฉืœ "ืฉื›ืจ" ืขื‘ื•ืจื[75].

ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ื‘ืŸ: ืœืื—ืจื™ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืคืœืืช ืžืขืœืช ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื โ€“ ืื™ืš ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืžืžืฉ (ืœื ืžืฆื“ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื) ื”ื™ืชื” ืืš ื•ืจืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™ึพืจืฆื•ื™?

ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ โ€“ ืข"ืค ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ โ€“ ืฉื’ื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืžืžืฉ ื”ื™ืชื” ืชื•ืขืœืช ืจืฆื•ื™' ืžืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื, ื›ื™, ื‘ืฉื•ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืืžืจื "ื‘ืื ื• ืืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ืืฉืจ ืฉืœื—ืชื ื• ื•ื’ื ื–ื‘ืช ื—ืœื‘ ื•ื“ื‘ืฉ ื”ื™ื ื•ื–ื” ืคืจื™'", ื™ื“ืขื• ื›ืœ ื‘ื "ื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื•ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช (ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ ืืžื•ื ื”) ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื•ืžืขืœืช ื”ืืจืฅ, ื•ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ื–ื• ื”ื•ืขื™ืœื” ื•ืคืขืœื” ืคืขื•ืœืชื” โ€“ ืœืื—ืจื™ ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ[76], ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื•ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืืจืฅ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข, ืฉืขืœื• ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ื‘ื—ืคืฅ ื’ื“ื•ืœ (ื’ื) ืขืœ ืกืžืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื“ืžืฉื” ืฉืจืื• ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื‘ืฉืจ.

ื•ื‘ืขื•ืžืง ื™ื•ืชืจ โ€“ ืข"ืค ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื ื™ื ื™ื โ€“ ืฉื‘ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืชื ืœืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืคืขืœื• ืขื ื™ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ[77] (ืœื ืจืง ืœืื—ืจื™ ื–ืžืŸ, ืืœื ื’ื) ื‘"ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื”" (ื›ื”ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™ "ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื” ื›ืฉืจื™ื ื”ื™ื•") โ€“ ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื•ืคืชื™ื—ื”[78] ื“ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื•ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืืจืฅ ืข"ื™ ื›ืœ ื‘ื "ื™[79].

ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื•ืœื”ืžืชื™ืง, ืฉื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืช ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื“ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื•ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืืจืฅ (ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื‘ื”ืงื“ืžืช ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื) ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ[80], ื•ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื”ืขืœื™' ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ื‘ื—ืคืฅ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื“ืžืฉื” ืฉืจืื• ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื‘ืฉืจ โ€“ ืฉื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ื”ื—ืคืฅ ื”ื™ื ืœื ืจืง ืžืฆื“ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื”' ("ืื ื™ ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื”ื ืฉื”ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื”"), ืืœื ื’ื ืžืฆื“ ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ.

ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืจื•ืžื– ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืจืฉ"ื™ "ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื” ื›ืฉืจื™ื ื”ื™ื•" โ€“ "ื›ืฉืจื™ื" ื“ื™ื™ืงื, ื•ืœื ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื•ื›ื™ื•"ื‘:

"ื›ืฉืจ" ืจ"ืช "ื›ืžื•ืฆื[81] ืฉืœืœ ืจื‘"[82]: "ืฉืœืœ" โ€“ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื™' ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืืฆืœ ื”ืื•ื™ื‘ ื•ื”ืžื ื’ื“ ื•ื ืœืงื— ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื’ื•ืคื "ื›ืžื•ืฆื ืฉืœืœ" โ€“ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืฆื™ืื”, ื”ื™ื™ื ื•, ืฉื”"ืฉืœืœ" ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื ื‘ืขืจืš ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื•ื™ื’ื™ืขืชื• ื‘ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื•ืขื“ ืœ"ืฉืœืœ ืจื‘", ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืขื“ ืœืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ื”ื™ืžื ื• (ืฉืื– ื ืงืจื "ืจื‘" ื‘ืืžื™ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช).

ื•ื–ื”ื• ื”ืจืžื– ื‘ื”ื“ื™ื•ืง "ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื” ื›ืฉืจื™ื ื”ื™ื•" โ€“ ืฉืชื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืชื ืœืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ (ื›ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื•ืคืชื™ื—ื” ืœื”ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื•ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืืจืฅ ื“ื›ืœ ื‘ื "ื™ ืฉื™ืขืœื• ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ื‘ื—ืคืฅ ื’ื“ื•ืœ) ื”ื•"ืข ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“"ื›ืžื•ืฆื ืฉืœืœ ืจื‘" (ืจ"ืช "ื›ืฉืจ"), ืฉื–ื•ื”ื™ ื›ืœืœื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื“ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื•ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืืจืฅ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ืœื–ื• ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœื• ื™ืช' ื“ื™ืจื” ื‘ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื, ืฉืขื™"ื– ื ืขืฉื” ืืžื™ืชืช ื•ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื“"ื›ืžื•ืฆื ืฉืœืœ ืจื‘", "ื›ื“ ืืชื›ืคื™ื ืก"ื ื•ืืชื”ืคืš ื—ืฉื•ื›ื ืœื ื”ื•ืจื, ืฉื™ืื™ืจ ืื•ืจ ื”' ื"ืก ื‘"ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ื•ื”ืก"ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืขื•ื”"ื– ื›ื•ืœื• ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืฉืืช ื•ื™ืชืจ ืขื•ื– ื•ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืื•ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ื›ื•'"[83].

ื–. ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืฉ ื‘' ืื•ืคื ื™ืึพืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ืฉืžืฆื˜ืจืคื•ืช ื–ืœ"ื– ื•ืžืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ื–ื"ื– โ€“ ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื“ืžืฉื”, "ืฉื ื™ื ืขืฉืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืื™ืฉ ืื—ื“ ืœืฉื‘ื˜", ื•ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื“ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข, "ืฉื ื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื":

ื•ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื“ืฉื™ืœื•ื— "ืฉื ื™ื ืขืฉืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืื™ืฉ ืื—ื“ ืœืฉื‘ื˜" (ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื›ืœ ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื™ืจืื” ื—ืœืง ื”ืืจืฅ ื“ืฉื‘ื˜ื•) ื‘ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื ื™ื ื™ื โ€“ ืœืคื™ ืฉืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ื—ืœืงืช ืœื™"ื‘ ื—ืœืงื™ื, ื›ื ื’ื“ ื™"ื‘ ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืืฉืจ, ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื˜ ื•ืฉื‘ื˜ ื‘ืžืกื™ืœืชื• ื™ืขืœื”, ืฉืœื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื˜ ื™ืฉ ืื•ืคืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื• [ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื: ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื“ื‘ื "ื™ ืœื™ืฉื›ืจ ื•ื–ื‘ื•ืœื•ืŸ, ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืื•ื”ืœ ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ืขืกืง, ืžืืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืืจื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ื˜ื‘ื™ืŸ[84], ื•ืขื“"ื– ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ื—ืœื•ืงื” ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ื“ื™"ื‘ ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ][85], ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื›ืš ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื’ื ื—ืœืง ื' ืžื™"ื‘ ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ืฉื‘ื™ืจื•ืจื• ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื“ืฉื‘ื˜ ื–ื”[86], ื•ื‘ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื“ื™"ื‘ ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ("ื™ื—ื“ ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ"[87]) ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื™"ื‘ ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ื ืขืฉื” ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื“ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื›ื•ืœื”, ื›ืœ ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ื”ืชื—ืœืงื•ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ื›ืœ ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ื”ืชื—ืœืงื•ืช ืฉื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ืœื–ื• ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื”[88] (ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ืฉื ื‘ืจื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ[89]), ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืžื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฆื•ืช (ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉื™ ื—ื–"ืœ[90]).

ื•ืขืค"ื– ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื˜ืขื (ื‘ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื ื™ื ื™ื) ืฉื›ืœ ื' ืžื™"ื‘ ื ืฉื™ืื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืœืš ืœืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื›ื•ืœื”, ืœื ืจืง ื”ื—ืœืง ื“ืฉื‘ื˜ื• (ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืฉื”ื™' ื™ื“ื•ืข ื”ื—ืœืง (ืœื›ืžื” ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื) ืžื‘ืจื›ืช ื™ืขืงื‘[91]), ืืœื ื’ื ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื“ืฉืืจ ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื โ€“ ื“ืœื›ืื•ืจื”, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ื˜ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื•, ืžื”ื• ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื•ืžื”ื™ ื”ืชื•ืขืœืช ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื™ืชื•ืจ ื’ื ืืช ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื“ืฉืืจ ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื, ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจื ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ื•ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืข"ื™ ืฉืืจ ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื?

ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื‘ื–ื” โ€“ ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช โ€“ ืฉื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื“ื›ืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืœืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื›ื•ืœื”, ื’ื ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ื“ืฉืืจ ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื, ื”ื™ื, ืžืฆื“ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ "ื•ืื”ื‘ืช ืœืจืขืš ื›ืžื•ืš"[92], ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืจื‘ื™ื (ื•ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื) ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื”"[93], ื•ืขื“ ืœ"ืงื•ืžื”[94] ืื—ืช ืฉืœื™ืžื”"[95].

ื•ื‘ืขื•ืžืง ื™ื•ืชืจ โ€“ ืฉืข"ื™ ื”ื”ืชืื—ื“ื•ืช ื“ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืžื•ื“ื’ืฉืช ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื›ืœ ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืœืš ืœืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื›ื•ืœื” ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื“ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื ืขืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืœื”ื™ื•ืชื” ืžืฆื“ ื•ืข"ื™ ื“ืจื’ื ื ืขืœื™ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืœืžืขืœื” ืžื”ืชื—ืœืงื•ืช ืœื™"ื‘ ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื, ื”ื‘ื—ื™' ืฉืœืžืขืœื” ืžื”ืชื—ืœืงื•ืช, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืžืฉื›ืช ื•ื—ื•ื“ืจืช ื‘ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ื”ืชื—ืœืงื•ืช, ื›ื“ืœืงืžืŸ.

ื—. ื•ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืงืฉืจ ื•ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ื“ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืกื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืฉืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื”ื™' ื‘ื›"ื˜ ืกื™ื•ืŸ[96], ื•ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื’ื ื‘ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ื“ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืกื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืกื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื“ืžืชืŸึพืชื•ืจื”:

ื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื›ื— ื•ืข"ื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื“ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ื•ื”ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช[97] "ื‘ื—ื›ืžื” (ื“ื•ืงื) ืืชื‘ืจื™ืจื•", ื—ื›ืžืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”[98]. ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉืžื˜ืขื ื–ื” ื”ื™' ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื (ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื•ื”ืคืชื™ื—ื” ื“ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื•ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืืจืฅ) ื‘ืกื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืกื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ื›ืฉื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžื–ืžืŸ ืž"ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื“ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื[99] ื‘ื›ื— ื•ืข"ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”.

ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื•ืจื” ื™ืฉื ื ื‘' ื“ืจื’ื•ืช (ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืช), ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช, ื•ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ื”ืชื—ืœืงื•ืช[100], ื›ื™ื“ื•ืข[101]ืฉ"ื™ืฉืจืืœ" ืจ"ืช "ื™ืฉ ืฉืฉื™ื ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืœืชื•ืจื”", ืฉืœื›ืœ ื' ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืฉ ืื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจื” (ืฉืžืžื ื” ื ืžืฉื›ืช ื—ื™ื•ืชื• ื›ื•')[102], ืฉืข"ืค ื“ื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœ ืื•ืช ืžื•ืงืคืช ื’ื•ื™ืœ[103], ื›ืœ ืื•ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื”, ื•ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–ื”, ื›ืœ ืก"ืจ ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื“ืก"ืจ ื‘ื "ื™ ื”ื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืื—ืช, "ืชื•ืจื” ืื—ืช", ื›ืกืคืจ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื›ืฉืจื•ืชื• ืชืœื•ื™' ื‘ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื• (ืœื ื—ืกืจ ื•ืœื ื™ืชื™ืจ)[104] โ€“ ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื›ืš ื™ืฉื ื ื‘' ืื•ืคื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื (ืฉื ื‘ืจื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”[89]), ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืžืฆื“ ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ื”ืชื—ืœืงื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ (ื ืขืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ) ืžืฆื“ ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ื˜. ื•ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ:

ื‘' ื”ื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื•ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ื”ืชื—ืœืงื•ืช, ื”ื (ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืช) ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืช: ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืชื•ืจื” ืื—ืช, ื›ื™, ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื—ื›ืžืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”' ืื—ื“ ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ืช' ื•ื—ื›ืžืชื• ืื—ื“[105], ืœื›ืŸ ื’ื ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื "ืชื•ืจื” ืื—ืช"; ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ืœืงื•ืช, ืชืจื™"ื’ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ืจืž"ื— ืž"ืข ื•ืฉืก"ื” ืžืœ"ืช, ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืื“ื ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ืœืงื•ืช ืœืชืจื™"ื’, ืจืž"ื— ืื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืฉืก"ื” ื’ื™ื“ื™ื ื“"ืขื•ืœื ืงื˜ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ืื“ื"[106], ืฉ"ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื‘ืจื ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื• ื‘ืจื ื‘ืื“ื"[107], ืœื›ืŸ ื’ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื ื—ืœืงื™ื ืœืชืจื™"ื’.

ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืขืฆืžื” โ€“ ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื’ืœื” ื“ืชื•ืจื” ืœืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”: ื ื’ืœื” ื“ืชื•ืจื”, "ืฉืฉื™ื ืžืกื›ืชื•ืช" ืฉืžื‘ืืจื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื“ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื•ื”ื™ืชืจ ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื•ื˜ื”ืจื” ื›ืฉืจ ื•ืคืกื•ืœ ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื”ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ืœืงื•ืช; ื•ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉืžื‘ืืจืช ืขื ื™ื ื™ ืืœืงื•ืช, "ื“ืข ืืช ืืœืงื™ ืื‘ื™ืš"[108], ื”ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ ืื—ื“ื•ืช ("ืœื™ืช ืชืžืŸ ื›ื•' ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช"[109], ื’ื ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืชื—ืœืงื•ืช).

ื•ื“ื•ื’ืžืชื• ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ โ€“ ืฉืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื“ ื”ื ืฉืžื”, ืฉ"ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืื‘ ื' ืœื›ื•ืœื ื” . . ืžืฆื“ ืฉืจืฉ ื ืคืฉื ื‘ื”' ืื—ื“"[110], ื•ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ืชื—ืœืงื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื“ ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ("ืฉื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืžื—ื•ืœืงื™ื"[110]) ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืจืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื.

ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื ืฉืžื” ืขืฆืžื” โ€“ ืฉืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ืชื—ืœืงื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื“ ื”ื›ื—ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื“ืฉื›ืœ ื•ืžื“ื•ืช, ื•ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืขืฆื ื”ื ืฉืžื” ืฉืœืžืขืœื” ืžื”ืชื—ืœืงื•ืช ื“ื›ื—ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื, ืฉื”ืชื’ืœื•ืชื” ืข"ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื•ื”ืขื“ืจ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช.

ื•ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืฉื‘ื“ื‘ืจ โ€“ ืฉืืฃ ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื“ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื“ ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ื”ืชื—ืœืงื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื”ืขื•ืœื, ืž"ืž, ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื’ื ืžืฆื“ ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉืขื™"ื– ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช, ืฉื ืžืฉืš ื•ืžืชื’ืœื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืืœืงื•ืช ืฉืœืžืขืœื” ืžื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืขื“ ืœืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”.

ื™. ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉื‘' ื”ืื•ืคื ื™ื ื“ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื (ืžืฆื“ ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ื”ืชื—ืœืงื•ืช ื•ืžืฆื“ ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช) ืžืจื•ืžื–ื™ื ื‘ื‘' ื”ืื•ืคื ื™ื ื“ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื, ืข"ื™ ืžืฉื” ื•ืข"ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข:

ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื“ืžืฉื” โ€“ "ืฉื ื™ื ืขืฉืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืื™ืฉ ืื—ื“ ืœืฉื‘ื˜" ืฉื”ืœื›ื• ืœืชื•ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื™"ื‘ ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ืฉื ืชื—ืœืงื” ืœื™"ื‘ ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื โ€“ ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื“ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ืœืงื•ืช;

ื•ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ืข"ื™ ื•ืžืฆื“ ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื”ืชื—ืœืงื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ืชื•ืจื” โ€“ "ืœื“ืขืชืš" โ€“ ื‘ื—ื™' ื”ื“ืขืช, ืฉื›ื•ืœืœ ื’ื ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื”, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ[111], ื›ื—ื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ืœืงื•ืช, ื•"ืœื“ืขืชืš" ื“ื™ื™ืงื, ื“ืขืช ื”ืื“ื, ืฉืจื•ืžื– ืขืœ ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื•ื”ื”ืชืœื‘ืฉื•ืช ื“ืชื•ืจื” (ื“ืขืช) ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ืื“ื, ืฉืื– ืฉื™ื™ืš ื•ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื” ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ืœืงื•ืช.

ื•ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื“ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข โ€“ "ืฉื ื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื" (ื•ืœื ื™"ื‘), ื•ืœื ื”ืœื›ื• ืœืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื›ื•ืœื”, ื›ื™ ืื ืœื™ืจื™ื—ื•, ืžื ืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ[112] (ืฉื›ื•ืœืœืช ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื›ื•ืœื”) โ€“ ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื“ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื›ืœืœื•ืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœืžืขืœื” ืžื”ืชื—ืœืงื•ืช;

ื•ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ืข"ื™ ื•ืžืฆื“ ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ืชื•ืจื” โ€“ "ืœื . . ืžื“ืขืชื• ืจืง ืฉื”ืฉื™"ืช ืฆื™ื•ื”ื•" โ€“ ืœื ืžืฆื“ ื‘ื—ื™' ื”ื“ืขืช (ื›ื—ื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื), ื•ื“ืขืช ื”ืื“ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ืืœื ืžืฆื“ ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ ืงื‘ืœืช ืขื•ืœ ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื“ื”ื ืฉืžื” ืฉืœืžืขืœื” ืžื”ืชื—ืœืงื•ืช, ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืฉื•ื”.

ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืจื•ืžื– ื’ื ื‘"ืฉื ื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื—ืจืฉ":

"ืฉื ื™ื" ื•ืœื ืฉื ื™ื ืขืฉืจ โ€“ ื›ื™, ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื“ืงื‘"ืข ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืœื ื ื•ื’ืข ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ื”ืชื—ืœืงื•ืช ื“ืขืฉืจ ื›ื—ื•ืช (ืขืฉืจ ื”ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ื), ื›ื™ ืื ื‘' ื”ืงื•ื™ืŸ ื“ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื•ืฉืœื™ืœื”, ืขืฉื” ื•ืœื ืชืขืฉื”[113].

"ืื ืฉื™ื" ืกืชื, ื•ืœื ื ืฉื™ืื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ โ€“ ื›ื™, ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื‘"ืข ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ[114] ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ื‘ืฉื•ื”)[115].

ื•"ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื—ืจืฉ" โ€“ ืฉื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืžืฆื“ ื”ืงื‘"ืข ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื (ืœื ืžืชื•ืš ืคื™ืจืกื•ื ื•ืจืขืฉ, ืืœื) ื‘ื—ืฉืื™, "ื”ืฆื ืข ืœื›ืช ืขื ืืœืงื™ืš"[116].

ื™ื. ื•ื™ื•ืžืชืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืข"ืค ื”ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉื™ ื—ื–"ืœ[117] ืฉ"ืฉื ื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื" ืฉืฉืœื— ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื”ื ื›ืœื‘ ื•ืคื™ื ื—ืก:

ื›ืœื‘ โ€“ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ (ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข) ืฉื ืฉืืจ ืžื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื“ืžืฉื”, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื”ื™ืชื” ืจื•ื— ืื—ืจืช ืขืžื• ื•ื™ืžืœื ืื—ืจื™ ื’ื•'"[118]. ืื‘ืœ ืคื™ื ื—ืก, ื‘ื ื• ืฉืœ ืืœืขื–ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืื”ืจืŸ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ, ืžืฉื‘ื˜ ืœื•ื™ โ€“ ืœืžื” ืฉืœื—ื• ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉื”, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื‘ื˜ ืœื•ื™ "ืœื ืขื•ืจื›ื™ืŸ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื›ืฉืืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ"[119]?

ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื‘ื–ื” โ€“ ืข"ืค ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืžืจื[120] "ืขืชื™ื“ื” ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืชืชื—ืœืง ืœืฉืœืฉื” ืขืฉืจ ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื", ืฉื’ื ืฉื‘ื˜ ืœื•ื™ ื™ืงื‘ืœ ื—ืœืง ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื›ืž"ืฉ[121] "ืฉืขืจ ืœื•ื™ ืื—ื“":

"ืœืžื” ืœื ื–ื›ื” ืœื•ื™ ื‘ื ื—ืœืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื–ืชื” ืขื ืื—ื™ื• โ€“ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื“ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืืช ื”' ืœืฉืจืชื• ื•ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื• ื”ื™ืฉืจื™ื ื•ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื• ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืœืจื‘ื™ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ[122] ื™ื•ืจื• ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืš ืœื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ืชื•ืจืชืš ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื”ื•ื‘ื“ืœื• ืžื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืœื ืขื•ืจื›ื™ืŸ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื›ืฉืืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœื ื ื•ื—ืœื™ืŸ . . ืืœื ื”ื ื—ื™ืœ ื”ืฉื, ืฉื ืืžืจ[123]ื‘ืจืš ื”' ื—ื™ืœื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœื”ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ[124] ืื ื™ ื—ืœืงืš ื•ื ื—ืœืชืš"[119].

ืื‘ืœ ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื โ€“ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื‘ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืชืจื‘ื” ื”ื“ืขื” ื•ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ื”ืืžืช, ืฉื ืืžืจ[125] ื›ื™ ืžืœืื” ื”ืืจืฅ ื“ืขื” ืืช ื”'"[126], ื•ืขื“ ืฉ"ืœื ื™ื”ื™' ืขืกืง ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืืœื ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ื”' ื‘ืœื‘ื“ . . ืฉื ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ืžืœืื” ื”ืืจืฅ ื“ืขื” ืืช ื”' ื›ืžื™ื ืœื™ื ืžื›ืกื™ื"[127] โ€“ ืœื ื™ื”ื™' ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ื‘ื“ืœื” ื“ืฉื‘ื˜ ืœื•ื™ ืžื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉื™ื”ื™' ืื– ื‘ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืงื‘ืœ ื’ื ืฉื‘ื˜ ืœื•ื™ ื—ืœืง ื•ื ื—ืœื” ื‘ืืจืฅ.

ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉื”"ื—ืœื•ืงื”" ืœื™"ื’ ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ื“ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืขื ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœืžืขืœื” ืžื”ืชื—ืœืงื•ืช โ€“ ื™"ื’ ื‘ื’ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืื—ื“:

ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื ืชื”ื™' ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉ"ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžื—ืœืง ืœื”ืŸ ื‘ืขืฆืžื•, ืฉื ืืžืจ[128] ื•ืืœื” ืžื—ืœื•ืงืชื ื ืื•ื ื”'"[120], ืฉืžื–ื” ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืฉื’ื ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื” ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื“ ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ ืื—ื“ื•ืช, ืฉืœื›ืŸ, "ืœื ื›ื—ืœื•ืงื” ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื—ืœื•ืงื” ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื, ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ืื“ื ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืฉื“ื” ืœื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืฉื“ื” ืคืจื“ืก, ืฉื“ื” ืคืจื“ืก ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืฉื“ื” ืœื‘ืŸ, ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื‘ื”ืจ ื•ื‘ืฉืคืœื” ื•ื‘ืขืžืง[129], ืฉื ืืžืจ ืฉืขืจ ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืฉืขืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืื—ื“ ืฉืขืจ ืœื•ื™ ืื—ื“, ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžื—ืœืง ืœื”ืŸ ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ื›ื•'"120.

ื•ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจื” ื‘ื–ื” (ื‘ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื ื™ื ื™ื) โ€“ ืฉื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืข"ื™ ื”ืžืฉื›ืช ื•ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืืœืงื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื›ืŸ ืžืชืœื‘ืฉืช ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœืงื•ืช ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื (ืœืื—ืจื™ ืฉื™ื•ืฉืœื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื) ืชื”ื™' ื’ื ื”ืžืฉื›ืช ื•ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืืœืงื•ืช ืฉืœืžืขืœื” ืžื”ื”ืชื—ืœืงื•ืช ื“ืขื•ืœื, ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”, ืข"ื™ ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ื“ืจื’ืช ืฉื‘ื˜ ืœื•ื™ โ€“ "ืœื ืฉื‘ื˜ ืœื•ื™ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืืœื ื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ ื•ืื™ืฉ ื›ื•' ืืฉืจ ื ื“ื‘ื” ืจื•ื—ื• ืื•ืชื• . . ื”"ื– ื ืชืงื“ืฉ ืงื“ืฉ ืงื“ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื”ื™' ื”' ื—ืœืงื• ื•ื ื—ืœืชื• ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ืœืขื•ืœืžื™ ืขื•ืœืžื™ื . . ื›ืžื• ืฉื–ื›ื” ืœื›ื”ื ื™ื ืœืœื•ื™ื"[130].

ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ (ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื ื’ื•ืคื) โ€“ ื”"ื– ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืขืžื“ ื•ืžืฆื‘ ื“"ืžืœืื” ื”ืืจืฅ ื“ืขื” ืืช ื”'" (ื›ืž"ืฉ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”) ืœื”ื”ื•ืกืคื” (ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืžืœื›ื™ื) ื“"ื›ืžื™ื ืœื™ื ืžื›ืกื™ื"[131]:

"ืžืœืื” ื”ืืจืฅ ื“ืขื” ืืช ื”'" โ€“ ืฉื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื“"ื”ืืจืฅ" ืžืœืื” ื•ื—ื“ื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื” ื‘"ื“ืขื” ืืช ื”'" โ€“ ืžืฆื“ ื•ืข"ื™ ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืืœืงื•ืช ืฉื‘ืขืจืš ืœื”ืืจืฅ, ืฉื–ื•ื”ื™ ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ("ื“ืขื” ืืช ื”'") ืฉื™ื•ืจื“ืช ื•ื ืžืฉื›ืช ืœืคื™ ืขืจืš ื’ื“ืจื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื (ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ื”ืชื—ืœืงื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื”).

ื•ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื–ื”, "ื›ืžื™ื ืœื™ื ืžื›ืกื™ื" โ€“ ืฉื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื“ื”ืืจืฅ ืžื›ื•ืกื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื‘ืžื™ ื”ื“ืขืช โ€“ ืžืฆื“ ื•ืข"ื™ ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืืœืงื•ืช ืฉืœืžืขืœื” ืžื”ืืจืฅ, ืชื•ืจื” ("ื“ืขื” ืืช ื”'") ื‘ื˜ื”ืจืชื”, ื—ื›ืžืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ("ืชื•ืจื” ืื—ืช"), ืืฉืจ, ืข"ื™ ื”ืžืฉื›ืชื” ื•ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืชื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื ื™ื›ืจ ื•ื ืจืื” ื‘ื’ืœื•ื™ ืฉื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื“ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืื™ื ื” ืืœื ื”ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ื“ื—ื›ืžืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื”, "ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ื—ื›ืžื” ืขืฉื™ืช"[132], ื•ื›ืžืืจื–"ืœ "ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื‘ืจื ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื• ืœื ื‘ืจืื• ืืœื ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ื•"[133], ื•"ืื™ืŸ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืืœื ืชื•ืจื”"[134], ื•ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœืช ืกืคืจื• ("ืžืชื›ื™ืคื™ืŸ ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืœื”ืฉืœืžื”"[135] ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื ืขืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ) "ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื•ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ื—ื›ืžื•ืช ืœื™ื“ืข ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉื ืžืฆื•ื™ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื›ื•' ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื›ื•' ืœื ื ืžืฆืื• ืืœื ืžืืžืชืช ื”ืžืฆืื•", "ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื•ืžืจืช ืื™ืŸ[136] ืขื•ื“ ืžืœื‘ื“ื•"[137].

ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉื”ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื, ื›ืฉืชืชื—ืœืง ื”ืืจืฅ ืœื™"ื’ ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื, ื’ื "ืฉืขืจ ืœื•ื™ ืื—ื“", ืข"ื™ ื•ืžืฆื“ ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ืข"ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข, ืฉื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื“ืžืฉื” ืขื™"ื– ืฉืฉืœื— (ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืœื‘, ืžื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ืฉืฉืœื— ืžืฉื”) ื’ื ืืช ืคื™ื ื—ืก[138], ืžืฉื‘ื˜ ืœื•ื™, ืฉื‘ื˜ ื”ื™"ื’, ื‘ื’ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืื—ื“[139].

ื™ื‘. ืข"ืค ื”ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืฉื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืช ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื“ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื (ื”ืŸ ื‘ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื“ืžืฉื”, ื•ื”ืŸ (ื•ื‘ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ื™ืชื™ืจื”) ื‘ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื“ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข) ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื“ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื’ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืฆื“ ื•ืข"ื™ ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ืชื•ืจื” โ€“ ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืืจ ื’ื ื”ืงืฉืจ ื•ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ื“ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ืœืคืจืฉืช ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช:

ื•ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืžืขืœืชื” ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ืช ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช, ืฉืขื ื”ื™ื•ืชื” ืžืฆื•ื” ืคืจื˜ื™ืช, ื”"ื” "ืฉืงื•ืœื” ื›ื ื’ื“ (ื•ื›ื•ืœืœืช) ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช", ืฉื ืืžืจ "ื•ืจืื™ืชื ืื•ืชื• ื•ื–ื›ืจืชื ืืช ื›ืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”'" โ€“ ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ื‘ืŸ: ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ืœืงื•ืช, ืœื”ื™ื•ืชื ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืื“ื ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ืชื—ืœืงื•ืช ื“ื”ืื“ื ื•ื“ื”ืขื•ืœื โ€“ ืื™ืš ืฉื™ื™ืš ืฉื‘ืžืฆื•ื” ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ื™ื”ื™ื• ื›ืœื•ืœื™ื ื›ืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”?

ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื‘ื–ื” โ€“ ืฉื’ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช (ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืื“ื ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ ื‘ืขื•ืœื) ืขื ื™ื ื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ โ€“ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื—ื›ืžืชื• ื•ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื“ื”' ืื—ื“, ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืช' ื•ืจืฆื•ื ื• ื•ื—ื›ืžืชื• ืื—ื“.

ื•ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื ื™ื›ืจ ื‘ื’ืœื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฆื•ืช ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช โ€“ "ื•ืจืื™ืชื ืื•ืชื• ื•ื–ื›ืจืชื ืืช ื›ืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื•ื™'" โ€“ ืฉืข"ื™ ืจืื™ื™ืช ื”ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช "ืฉืžื ื™ืŸ ื’ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช ืฉืฉ ืžืื•ืช, ื•ืฉืžื•ื ื” ื—ื•ื˜ื™ื ื•ื—ืžืฉื” ืงืฉืจื™ื ื”ืจื™ ืชืจื™"ื’", ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช โ€“ "ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื•ื™'", ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืจืฆื•ื ื• ื•ื—ื›ืžืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื”[140].

ื•ืžืฆื™ืฆื™ืช ื ืžืฉืš ื’ื ื‘ืฉืืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช โ€“ ืฉืงื™ื•ืžื ื™ื”ื™' (ืœื ืจืง ืžืฆื“ ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ื”ืชื—ืœืงื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ื ื‘ืขืจืš ื•ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื”ื”ืชื—ืœืงื•ืช ื“ื”ืื“ื ื•ื“ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืืœื) ื’ื ืžืฆื“ ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ื โ€“ "ืœืžืขืŸ ืชื–ื›ืจื• ื•ืขืฉื™ืชื ืืช ื›ืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืชื™", ืฉืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืชื”ื™' ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“"ืžืฆื•ื•ืชื™" ("ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื•ื™'").

ื•ื–ื”ื• ื’ื ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื“ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื™"ื‘ ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ืœืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ (ืฉืกื™ื•ืžื• ื•ื—ื•ืชืžื• ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช)[141] โ€“ ืฉื’ื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ื“ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื˜ ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื—ื“ื•ืจื” ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช (ืฉื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ื”ืชื•ืจื”) ืฉืœืžืขืœื” ืžื”ืชื—ืœืงื•ืช, ื›ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ืฉื™ื ื“ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื˜ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื›ื•ืœื”, ื’ื ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื“ืฉืืจ ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื.

ื™ื’. ืขืค"ื– ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื’ื ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื•ื”ื”ื•ืจืื” ืžืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื›ืื•"ื ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ โ€“ ื”ื“ื’ืฉืช ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ืชื•ืจื”:

ื’ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืื•"ื ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ื–ืž"ื–, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื“"ืœื“ืขืชืš" (ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืื“ื), ืฉ"ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืขื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉื•ื•ืช"[142], ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ื•ืจื” ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœืžืขืœื” ืžื”ืชื—ืœืงื•ืช, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืชื‘ื˜ืืช (ืœื›ืœ ืœืจืืฉ) ื‘ืื”ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉืžืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ื“ืขืชื• ("ืœื“ืขืชืš") ื‘ืฆืจื›ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื•ืœืช ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื•, ื”ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ (ื•ืขืงื™ืžืช ืฉืคืชื™ื• ื”ื•ื™ ืžืขืฉื”[143]) ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœืช ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืชืคืœื”[144]: "ื”ืจื™ื ื™ ืžืงื‘ืœ ืขืœื™ ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืฉืœ ื•ืื”ื‘ืช ืœืจืขืš ื›ืžื•ืš"[145].

ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ โ€“ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื‘' ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช (ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื•ืช) ืฉื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื™ืฉื›ืจ ื•ื–ื‘ื•ืœื•ืŸ:

ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืฉื ืขืฉื™ืช ืขื™"ื– ืฉื’ื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืื•ื”ืœ ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืžืฆื•ืช ื”ืฆื“ืงื”, ื•ื’ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืขืกืง ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืขืชื™ื ืœืชื•ืจื”, ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื’ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื' ืžื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื“ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืฆื“ืงื”, ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื: ื‘ืฆื“ืงื” โ€“ ืฉื ื•ืชืŸ ืฆื“ืงื” ื’ื ืœื–ื›ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื•ืœืช, ื•ื“ื›ื•"ื› ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื™ืฉื ื ื›ืืœื” ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ื™ืจื›ื ื‘ืขืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืคืœื’ื” ืฉื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืฆื“ืงื” ืœื–ื›ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื‘ื“ื•ืจ (ืคืจื•ื˜ื” ืื—ืช ืื• ื—ืžืฉ ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืื•"ื ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ), ื•ื”ืœื•ืื™ ืฉื™ืจื‘ื• ื›ืžื•ืชื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื‘ืชื•ืจื” โ€“ ืฉืœื•ืžื“ ืชื•ืจื” ื’ื ืขื ื”ื–ื•ืœืช, ื•ืขื“ ืœืื•ืคืŸ ื“"ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื• ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื”"[146], ื•ืขื“ ืฉ"ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื—ื›ื ื•ื—ื›ื ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ (ื›ืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“) ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื"[147].

ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ, ืฉื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื“ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ื›ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ืฉื ืชืคืฉื˜ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื™ื•ืžื™ ื‘ืจืžื‘"ื, ื’' ืคืจืงื™ื ืœื™ื•ื) โ€“ ืฉื›ืœ ื‘ื "ื™ ืžืชืื—ื“ื™ื ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ("ืžืงื‘ืฅ ืœืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื” ื›ื•ืœื”"[148]), ื›ืžืฉื "ืช ื‘ืืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืžืง"ื[149].

ื•ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื™ืงืจ โ€“ ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื“ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืข"ื™ ื”ืคืฆืช ื”ืžืขื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื“ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ("ืกืชื™ื" ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื” ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื“"ืกืชื™ื" ื“ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื "ืกืชื™ื" ื“ืงื•ื‘"ื”[150]) ื—ื•ืฆื”, ืขื“ ืœื—ื•ืฆื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืฆื” ื”ื™ืžื ื•, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืชื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื“ื•ืจื ื• ื–ื” ื’ื ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื—ืฆื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ (ืฉื‘ื• ืœื ื”ื™' ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื“ืž"ืช[151]), ืฉื‘ื• ื ืงื‘ืข ืžื•ืฉื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื“ื•ืจ, ื›"ืง ืžื•"ื— ืื“ืžื•"ืจ, ืžืฉื” ืฉื‘ื“ื•ืจื ื•, ื•ืžืฉื ืžื•ืคืฆื™ื ื”ืžืขื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืงืฆื•ื™ ืชื‘ืœ ืžืžืฉ, ื•ื‘ืžืฉืš ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ืฉื ื™ื[152] ("ืขื•ืœื"[153]), ืืฉืจ, ืข"ื™ ื”ื”ื•ืกืคื” ื‘ื”ืคืฆืช ื”ืžืขื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื—ื•ืฆื” (ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“"ื“ื™ ื•ื”ื•ืชืจ"), "ื“ืข ืืช ืืœืงื™ ืื‘ื™ืš", "ืœื“ืขืชืš"[154], ื–ื•ื›ื™ื[155] ืชื™ื›ืฃ ื•ืžื™ื“ ืœ"ืื•ืชื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ . . (ืฉ)ืœื ื™ื”ื™' ืขืกืง ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืืœื ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ื”' ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื™ื”ื™ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืกืชื•ืžื™ื ื•ื™ืฉื™ื’ื• ื“ืขืช ื‘ื•ืจืื ื›ืคื™ ื›ื— ื”ืื“ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ืžืœืื” ื”ืืจืฅ ื“ืขื” ืืช ื”' ื›ืžื™ื ืœื™ื ืžื›ืกื™ื".

ื™ื“. ื•ื›ืŸ ืชื”ื™' ืœื ื• โ€“ ืฉืชื™ื›ืฃ ื•ืžื™ื“ ืžืžืฉ, ื‘ื™ื•ื ื–ื”, ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉ"ืง ืคืจืฉืช ืฉืœื—, ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืžืžืฉ ื”ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข: "ื‘ื™ืฉืจ ืœื”ื ืฉื™ื›ื ืกื• ืœืืจืฅ", ื•ื›ืกื™ื•ื ื•ื—ื•ืชื ื”ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจื”: "ื ืชืŸ ื”' ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื’ื ื ืžื•ื’ื• ื›ืœ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ืžืคื ื™ื ื•",

โ€“ ื›ื•ืœืœ ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ (ืขื™"ื–) ืฉื’ื ื‘ืจื’ืขื™ ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืงืฃ ืขืœ ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื ื™ืชื ื• ืข"ื™ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื‘ืขืœื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื‘ื "ื™ ืฉืœื ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ื—"ื• ืืฃ ืฉืขืœ ืžืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื[156] โ€“

ื•ื›ืœ ื‘ื "ื™ ื‘ืื™ื ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืชื”, ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช: ืืจืฅ ืขืฉืจ ืื•ืžื•ืช (ื›ื•ืœืœ ื’ื ืืจืฅ ืงื™ื ื™ ืงื ื™ื–ื™ ื•ืงื“ืžื•ื ื™)[157] ืฉืชืชื—ืœืง ืœื™"ื’ ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื, ื•ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืฆืžื” โ€“ ื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืขื™ืจ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืฉืœื ื ืชื—ืœืงื” ืœืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื[158], ื•ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™, ื•ืฉื ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ื (ืœื›ืœ ืœืจืืฉ) ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืชื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ื“ื›ืœ ื‘ื "ื™ ืžืžืืกืจ ื”ื’ืœื•ืช[159], ื•ืžื ืกื›ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ืœื™ ืฉื™ืจ[160], ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื”"ืฉื™ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ" (ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื–ื›ืจ) ื“ื’ืื•ืœื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื—ืจื™' ื’ืœื•ืช[161], ื•ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื "ืชื•ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื” (ืืฉืจ) ืžืืชื™ ืชืฆื"[162] ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉ"ืœื ื™ืœืžื“ื• ืขื•ื“ ืื™ืฉ ืืช ืจืขื”ื• ื’ื•' ื›ื™ ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื“ืขื• ืื•ืชื™"[163], ื•ืขื•ื“ ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจ โ€“ ืฉื›ืœ ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืžืžืฉ, ื•ืชื™ื›ืฃ ื•ืžื™ื“ ืžืžืฉ.

[1] ื›"ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืžืฉืœื™ืžื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืฉื ื” ืื—ืช, ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืื—ืจ ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ื•ืงื•ืจื™ืŸ ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช . . ื•ืงื•ืจืื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืขื“ ืฉื’ื•ืžืจื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช" (ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืœ' ืชืคืœื” ืจืคื™"ื’).

[2] ืจืื” ืฉืœ"ื” ื—ืœืง ืชื•ืฉื‘"ื› ืจ"ืค ื•ื™ืฉื‘ (ืจืฆื–, ื): "ื”ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ื›ื•' ื‘ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉื—ืœื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ". ื•ื™ื“ื•ืข ืคืชื’ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื–ืงืŸ ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื "ืœื—ื™ื•ืช" ืขื ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืงื•ืจื™ืŸ ื•ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ ("ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ื" ื‘' ื—ืฉื•ืŸ. ื•ื‘ื›"ืž). โ€“ ื•ืœื”ืขื™ืจ, ืฉื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืœื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืฉื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื ืงืจืื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื ื”ืคืจืฉื”: ื™ื•ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืคืจืฉืช ืฉืœื—, ื•ื›ื™ื•"ื‘ ื‘ืฉืืจ ื™ืžื™ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข, ืขื“ ืœืฉื‘ืช ืคืจืฉืช ืฉืœื—.

[3] ื‘ื™ื•ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžื”ืชื—ืœืช ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืขื“ ืฉื ื™, ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื ื™ ืžืฉื ื™ ืขื“ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™, ื•ืขื“"ื– ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข, ืขื“ ืœื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ืžืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืคืจืฉื” (ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ื“ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื›ื•ืœื”, ื›ื“ืœืงืžืŸ ื‘ืคื ื™ื).

[4] ื˜ื•, ื˜ื–. ืฉื, ื›ื˜.

[5] ื•ื™ืชื™ืจื” ืžื–ื” โ€“ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื” ืฉื”ืชื—ืœืชื” ื‘ืื•ืช ื‘' ื•ืกื™ื•ืžื” ื‘ืื•ืช ืœ' ื”ื™ื ืชื™ื‘ื” ืื—ืช: "ืœื‘" (ืจืื” ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื“ืจ"ืข ืื•ืช ื‘' ื‘ืกื•ืคื•). โ€“ ื•ืœื”ืขื™ืจ, ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ืžืฉืœื” ืœื“ื, ื•ืžืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื“ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืœื‘, ื•ืžืžื ื• ืžืชืคืฉื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ ืื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ (ืจืื” ืœืงื•"ืช ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื’, ื. ื•ื‘ื›"ืž).

[6] ื•ืœื”ืขื™ืจ, ืฉื‘ื›ื•ืœื ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉืช ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ื›ืž"ืฉ (ื™ืชืจื• ื›, ื—) "ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืœืงื“ืฉื•", ืขื™"ื– ืฉ"ืžื•ื ื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืœืฉื ืฉื‘ืช, ืื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ื›ื™ ื–ื• ืžืŸ ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ืฉื ืฆื˜ื•ื•ื™ื ื• ืœื–ื•ื›ืจื• ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื" (ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืฉื), ื•ืขื“ ืœื”ื ื”ื’ืช ืฉืžืื™ ื”ื–ืงืŸ ืฉ"ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ื• ื”ื™' ืื•ื›ืœ ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉื‘ืช, ื›ื™ืฆื“, ืžืฆื ื‘ื”ืžื” ื ืื” ืœื•ืงื—ื” ื•ืื•ืžืจ ื–ื• ืœืฉื‘ืช, ืžืฆื ืื—ืจืช ื ืื” ื”ื™ืžื ื” ืœื•ืงื—ื” ื•ืžื ื™ื—ื” ืœืฉื‘ืช ื•ืื•ื›ืœ ืืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื—ื•ืœ" ("ื•ืืฃ ื”ืœืœ ืžื•ื“ื” ืฉื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื‘"ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช, ืืœื ืฉื”ื™' ื‘ื•ื˜ื— ื‘ื”' ืฉื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ื™ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืœื• ืœืฉื‘ืช ืžื ื” ื™ืคื” ืžื›ืœ ื”ื™ืžื™ื" (ืฉื•"ืข ืื“ื”"ื– ืื•"ื— ืกืจืž"ื‘ ืก"ื™)).

[7] ื˜ื•, ื‘ ื•ืื™ืœืš.

[8] ืคืจืฉ"ื™ ืขื”"ืค.

[9] ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉื”ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ืข"ื“ ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืืจืฅ ื ืืžืจื” ื‘ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืคืจืฉืช ื ืกื›ื™ื ื“ื•ืงื โ€“ ื›ื™, ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืกื›ื™ื ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉืช ื”ื”ืžืฉื›ื” ืœืžื˜ื” ื’ื ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉืขื ื™ื ื ื”ืขืœืื” ืœืžืขืœื”, ื”ื™ืคืš ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ืฉืœื ืจืฆื• ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœืืจืฅ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื“ื”ืžืฉื›ื” ืœืžื˜ื” (ืจืื” ืœืงื•"ืช ืคืจืฉืชื ื• ืž, ืกืข"ื ื•ืื™ืœืš. ื•ื‘ื›"ืž).

[10] ื•ื™"ืœ ืฉื–ื”ื• ื’ื ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื”ืžืฉืš ื“ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืœื” ืฉื‘ื”ืชื—ืœืช ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื“ืฉืฉื™ โ€“ "ื‘ื‘ื•ืื›ื ืืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื’ื•' ื‘ืื›ืœื›ื ืžืœื—ื ื”ืืจืฅ ืชืจื™ืžื• ืชืจื•ืžื” ืœื”'" (ืฉื, ื™ื—ึพื™ื˜) โ€“ ื”ื™ืคืš ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ืฉืจืฆื• ืœื”ืฉืืจ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืž"ืœื—ื ื”ืืจืฅ" (ืœืื—ืจื™ ื”ืงื“ืžืช ื—ืจื™ืฉื” ื•ื–ืจื™ืขื”), ื›ื™ ืื, "ืœื—ื ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื".

[11] ื›ื™, ืขื ื™ืŸ (ืกื™ืคื•ืจ) ืื—ื“ ืฉืžืฉืชืจืข ืขืœ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื™ืฉื ื• ื‘ื›ืžื” ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช (ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื: ืคืจืฉืช ื‘ืœืง โ€“ ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื›ื•ืœื” (ืžืชื—ื™ืœืชื” ืขื“ ืกื•ืคื”) ื”ื™ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื—ื“).

[12] ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื™ื‘, ื.

[13] ื•ืœืคื "ื– โ€“ ืคืจืฉืช ืข"ื– ื•ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ืช (ืžืงื•ืฉืฉ ืขืฆื™ื), ื•ืžืคืจืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™ (ืžื™ืกื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ ืžืฉื” ื”ื“ืจืฉืŸ) "ืœืžื” ื ืกืžื›ื” ืคืจืฉืช ืžืงื•ืฉืฉ ืœืค' ืข"ื–, ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืžื—ืœืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื›ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืข"ื– ืฉืืฃ ื”ื™ื ืฉืงื•ืœื” ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ืขื–ืจื* ื•ืขืœ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ื™ืจื“ืช ื•ืชืชืŸ ืœืขืžืš ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ืืช ืฉื‘ืช ืงื“ืฉืš ื”ื•ื“ืขืช ืœื”ื", ื•ืžืกื™ื™ื, "ื•ืืฃ ืคืจืฉืช ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช ืœื›ืš ื ืกืžื›ื” ืœืืœื• ืœืคื™ ืฉืืฃ ื”ื™ื ืฉืงื•ืœื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช".*) ื ื—ืžื™' ื˜, ื™ื’ึพื™ื“ โ€“ ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืœืฉื•ืŸ (ื•ื‘ื“ืคื•ืก ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื ืขืชืง ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื‘ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืชื•).

[14] ื˜ื•, ืœื˜.

[15] ืคืจืฉ"ื™ ืขื”"ืค.

[16] ื›ื•ืœืœ ื’ื ืคืจืฉืช ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช ืฉื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื•ื—ื•ืชื ื”ืคืจืฉื”.

[17] ืฉื•"ืข ืื“ื”"ื– ืื•"ื— ืจ"ืก ืจืคื“.

[18] ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘, ื ื•ืื™ืœืš.

[19] ืจืื” ืืœืฉื™ืš, ืื‘ืจื‘ื ืืœ, ืื•ื”"ื—, ื‘ืืจ ืžื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื (ืœืื—ื™ ื”ืžื”ืจ"ืœ) ืจื™ืฉ ืคืจืฉืชื ื•. ื•ืขื•ื“.

[20] ืœืงื•"ืช ืคืจืฉืชื ื• ื ื, ื’.

[21] ื•ืœื”ืขื™ืจ, ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืฉื‘ืคืจืฉื” ืœื ื ืงืจืื• ื‘ืฉื ืžืจื’ืœื™ื (ืžืฉื"ื› ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื•ืžื“ืจืฉื™ ื—ื–"ืœ). ื•ืจืื” ื‘ืืจื•ื›ื” ืœืงื•"ืฉ ื—ืœ"ื’ ืข' 78 ื•ืื™ืœืš (ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื—ืจ).

[22] ื•ืจืง ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ื›ื—ื” ื‘ืค' ื“ื‘ืจื™ื (ื, ื›ื‘ึพื›ื“) ื ืืžืจ "ื•ืชืงืจื‘ื•ืŸ ืืœื™ ื›ื•ืœื›ื ื•ืชืืžืจื• ื ืฉืœื—ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื ื• ื•ื™ื—ืคืจื• ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ . . ื•ื™ืจื’ืœื• ืื•ืชื”", ื›ื“ืœืงืžืŸ ืก"ื“.

[23] ืฉื, ื‘.

[24] ืฉื, ื’.

[25] ื•ืืฃ ืฉืœืฉื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืื ืฉื™ ื™ืจื™ื—ื• ื•ืžืœืš ื™ืจื™ื—ื•, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื ืืžืจ "ืœื›ื• ืจืื• ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืืช ื™ืจื™ื—ื•" โ€“ ื”ืจื™ ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื“ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื™ืจื™ื—ื• (ืฉื ื•, ื›ื‘ึพื›ื”) "ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื . . ืืฉืจ ืฉืœื— ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืœืจื’ืœ ืืช ื™ืจื™ื—ื•" (ื•ืจืื” ืœืงืžืŸ ื”ืขืจื” 58).

[26] ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื, ื›ื’.

[27] ื›ื™ ืื ื‘ื“ืจืฉืช ื—ื–"ืœ โ€“ "ืคื ื—ืก ื•ื›ืœื‘ ื”ื™ื•" (ืคืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉื, ื“ โ€“ ืžืžื“ืจืฉ ืื’ื“ืช ืชื ื—ื•ืžื). ื•ืจืื” ืœืงืžืŸ ืกื™"ื.

[28] ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื”ื™' ื‘ื™ื–ืžืชื, ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™ (ื‘ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื“"ืฉืœื— ืœืš, ืœื“ืขืชืš") "ืœืคื™ ืฉื‘ืื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืืžืจื• ื ืฉืœื—ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื ื• ื›ืžื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ืชืงืจื‘ื•ืŸ ืืœื™ ื›ื•ืœื›ื".

[29] ื™ื’, ื›ื•.

[30] ื›ื“ืจื›ื ืฉืœ ืžืจื’ืœื™ื, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืœืื—ื™ื• ืฉ"ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ืืชื . . ืขืจื•ืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ืืชื ืœืจืื•ืช", "ืฉื”ืจื™ ื ื›ื ืกืชื ื‘ืขืฉืจื” ืฉืขืจื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ" (ืžืงืฅ ืžื‘, ื˜ึพื™ื‘ ื•ื‘ืคืจืฉ"ื™). ื•ื”ืชื•ืขืœืช ื‘ื–ื” โ€“ ื‘ืฉืชื™ื: (ื) ืฉืœื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื (ื›"ื›) ื‘ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืชื, (ื‘) ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืœืจื™ื’ื•ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื›ื•ืœื”, ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜.

[31] ืคืจืฉ"ื™ ืคืจืฉืชื ื• ืฉื, ืœื‘.

[32] ืคื™' ื”ืจื“"ืง ืขื”"ืค.

[33] ื‘, ื›ื’ึพื›ื“.

[34] ื•ื™"ืœ ืฉืœืื—"ื– ืกื™ืคืจื• ื’ื ืœื›ืœ ื‘ื "ื™ โ€“ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืคื™' ื”ืจื“"ืง ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืฉืœื—ื ื‘ืกืชืจ, "ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืคื—ื“ื• ื‘ืฉืœื—ื• ืžืจื’ืœื™ื", ื”ื™ื™ื ื•, ืฉืœื ื™ืคื—ื“ื• ืžื›ืฉืœื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื™ืจืข ื‘ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื“ืžืฉื”, "ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื ืฉืœื—ื ืืœื ืœืคื™ ืฉื™ื“ืข ืฉื™ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ื‘ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืชื ื•ื™ืจื—ื™ื‘ื• ืœื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื‘ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช", ื”ื™ื™ื ื•, ืฉืœืื—ืจื™ ืฉืฉื‘ื• ืžืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืชื ื•ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ื‘ื”, ืกื™ืคืจื• ืœื›ืœ ื‘ื "ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื— ืœื‘ื.

[35] ืคืจืฉ"ื™ (ื•ืจื“"ืง) ืขื”"ืค.

[36] ื‘, ื“ึพื˜ื–.

[37] ืคืจืฉ"ื™ ืคืจืฉืชื ื• ืฉื, ื›ื.

[38] ืคืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉื, ื›ื”.

[39] ืืฃ ืฉ"ืžื”ืœืš ืื“ื ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ ืขืฉืจื” ืคืจืกืื•ืช ืœื™ื•ื, ื”ืจื™ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื ืžืŸ ื”ืžื–ืจื— ืœืžืขืจื‘, ื•ื”ื ื”ืœื›ื• ืืจื›ื” ื•ืจื—ื‘ื”" (ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื›ืคื•ืœ) โ€“ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ืงืฆืจ ืœืคื ื™ื”ื ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš" (ืคืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉื).

[40] ื‘, ื›ื‘.

[41] ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืจื™ืฉ ืคืจืฉืชื ื•.

[42] ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืกื’ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื“ืจื•ืฉื” ื•ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ื’ื ืœื”ื›ื ื” ืœืกื’ืœ ืœืขืฆืžื ืื•ืจื—ึพื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืชืื™ื ืœืืจืฅ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื–ื•.

[43] ืืฃ ืฉื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื‘ื "ื™ ืฉ"ื‘ืื• . . ื•ืืžืจื• ื ืฉืœื—ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื ื•" ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื—ืจ, ื›ื“ืœืงืžืŸ ื‘ืคื ื™ื.

[44] ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื, ื›ื‘ (ื•ื‘ืคืจืฉ"ื™).

[45] ื›ื“ืจื›ื ืฉืœ ืžืจื’ืœื™ื โ€“ ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืœืื—ื™ื• "ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ืืชื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืขืจื•ืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ืืชื", "ื’ืœื•ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ืžื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื ื•ื—ื” ืœื™ื›ื‘ืฉ" (ืžืงืฅ ืฉื, ื˜ ื•ื‘ืคืจืฉ"ื™).

[46] ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ื”ื—ืฉืฉ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ ืžื”ืขื ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœื™', ื”ื•ื, ืœื ื”ื—ื•ื–ืง ื•ื”ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ (ื›ื™, "ื”ื—ื–ืง ื”ื•ื ื”ืจืคื” ื”ืžืขื˜ ื”ื•ื ืื ืจื‘", ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื˜ื™ื‘ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื›ื“ืœืงืžืŸ ื‘ืคื ื™ื), ืืœื "ืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืื“ื ื›ืฉืจ ืฉื™ื’ื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืชื•" (ืคืจืฉ"ื™ ืคืจืฉืชื ื• ืฉื, ื›). โ€“ ื•ืขืค"ื– ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืืจ ื”ื›ืจื—ื• ืฉืœ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื”ืžืงืจื "ื”ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืขืฅ" ืžืคืฉื•ื˜ื•, ืขืฅ ืขื•ืฉื” ืคืจื™ ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•*.

*) ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื”ื”ื›ืจื— ืžืกื™ื•ื ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ "ื•ื”ืชื—ื–ืงืชื ื•ืœืงื—ืชื ืžืคืจื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื™ืžื™ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืจื™ ืขื ื‘ื™ื", ืฉืขืค"ื– ืื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืฉืืœื” "ื”ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืขืฅ ืื ืื™ืŸ".

[47] ื•ืขืค"ื– ืžืชื•ืจืฆืช ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ื ืœืžื” ืœื ื ืชืคืจืฉ ื‘ืคืจืฉืชื ื• ืฉืžืฉื” ืœื ืจืฆื” ืœืฉืœื•ื— ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื›ื™ื—ื ื›ื•' โ€“ ื›ื™ ื‘ืคืจืฉืชื ื• ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™' ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ืœื“ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”, "ืœืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ", ื›ื“ืœืงืžืŸ ื‘ืคื ื™ื.

[48] ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื, ืœึพืœื’.

[49] ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื• ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืืจืฅ ืžื™ื“, ืข"ื™ ืžืฉื” โ€“ ื”ื™' ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืคื ื™ื”ื ื’ื ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืขื ืŸ ืœื ื—ื•ืชื ื”ื“ืจืš.

[50] ื•ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ "ื•ื™ืชื•ืจื•" โ€“ "ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• ื’ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ, ื›ื™ ืจืฆื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื”ื ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฆื•ืช" (ื›ืœื™ ื™ืงืจ ืจื™ืฉ ืคืจืฉืชื ื•).

[51] ื™ื’, ื™ื—ึพื›.

[52] ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื›ืจื—ื• ืฉืœ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืœืคืจืฉ ื›ืŸ (ืฉื›ืœ ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขื™ืงืจื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื˜ื™ื‘ ื”ืืจืฅ) ื”ื•ื ืžืกื“ืจ ื’' ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื, ืฉื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ "ื•ืจืื™ืชื ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืžื” ื”ื™ื" (ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžืคืจื˜ ื“ื‘ืจ) ื•ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืชื™ื›ืฃ "ื•ืืช ื”ืขื ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœื™' ื”ื—ื–ืง ื”ื•ื ื”ืจืคื” ื”ืžืขื˜ ื”ื•ื ืื ืจื‘", ื•ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื”ืฉื ื™ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœืืจืฅ, "ื•ืžื” ื”ืืจืฅ ื’ื•' ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื’ื•' ื•ืžื” ื”ืขืจื™ื ื’ื•' ื”ื‘ืžื—ื ื™ื ื’ื•'", ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ "ื•ืžื” ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ืฉืžื ื” ื”ื™ื ื’ื•'" โ€“ ื“ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืžืชืื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื‘ืช ืื—ืช ื›ืœ ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ื“ื”ืืจืฅ, "ื•ืจืื™ืชื ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืžื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื’ื•' ื”ืฉืžื ื” ื”ื™ื ื’ื•'", ื•ืื—"ื› ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ื“ื”ืขื ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœื™' ื•ื”ืขืจื™ื ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ื”ื ื”?

ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžืคืจืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉืž"ืฉ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืคืกื•ืง ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ "ื•ืืช ื”ืขื ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœื™' ื”ื—ื–ืง ื”ื•ื ื”ืจืคื” ื”ืžืขื˜ ื”ื•ื ืื ืจื‘", ื”ื•ื, ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื•ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืœื”ืชื—ืœืช ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ "ื•ืจืื™ืชื ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืžื” ื”ื™ื", "ื™ืฉ ืืจืฅ ืžื’ื“ืœืช ื’ื‘ื•ืจื™ื . . ื™ืฉ ืžื’ื“ืœืช ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ", ื”ื™ื™ื ื•, ืฉื˜ื™ื‘ ื”ืืจืฅ ื ื™ื›ืจ ื‘"ื”ืขื ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœื™'";

ื•ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื”ืฉื ื™ ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœื‘ืืจ ื”ืกื™ืžืŸ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืื ื”ืืจืฅ ืžื’ื“ืœืช ื’ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ โ€“ "ื•ืžื” ื”ืืจืฅ ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ื” (ื•ืžื’ื“ืœืชื•) ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื", "ื‘ืžืขื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื•ืชื”ื•ืžื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื", ืฉืžื–ื” ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื "ืžื’ื“ืœืช ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ", "ื•ืžื” ื”ืขืจื™ื ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ื”ื ื” ื”ื‘ืžื—ื ื™ื", "ื—ื–ืงื™ื ื”ื ืฉืกื•ืžื›ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื", ืฉืžื–ื” ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื "ืžื’ื“ืœืช ื’ื‘ื•ืจื™ื";

ื•ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื˜ื™ื‘ ื”ืืจืฅ ืขืฆืžื”, "ื•ืžื” ื”ืืจืฅ (ื›ืฉืœืขืฆืžื”) ื”ืฉืžื ื” ื”ื™ื", ื•ืžืกื™ื™ื "ื•ื”ืชื—ื–ืงืชื ื•ืœืงื—ืชื ืžืคืจื™ ื”ืืจืฅ", ืฉืขื™"ื– ื™ืจืื• ื›ืœ ื‘ื "ื™ ืฉ"ื”ืฉืžื ื” ื”ื™ื", ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื’ื“ืœืช ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื.

[53] ืฉื, ื›ื–.

[54] ื•ื’ื ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื™ื’ื•ืœ โ€“ ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืžืฉื” ื‘ื”ืชื•ื›ื—ื” ืฉื‘ืค' ื“ื‘ืจื™ื: "ื•ื™ืจื’ืœื• ืื•ืชื”".

[55] ืฉื, ื›ื—ึพืœื.

[56] ืจืื” ืœืงื•"ืฉ ื—"ื˜ ืข' 9 ื•ืื™ืœืš. ื•ืขื•ื“.

[57] ืืฃ ืฉื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื™ืจื™ื—ื• (ืžื ืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ) ื”ื™' ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื ืกื™ โ€“ ืข"ื™ ื”ื”ืงืคื•ืช ื“ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืขื ืืจื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช, ื”ืชืงื™ืขื” ื‘ืฉื•ืคืจื•ืช ื›ื•' (ืžืฉื"ื› ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื“ื›ืœ ื"ื™).

[58] ืืฃ ืฉื’ื ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ืœื ื”ื™' ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืจื™ื’ื•ืœ (ืœื“ืขืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื•ืžื‘ื•ื ื”ืขืจื™ื) ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืžืžืฉ, ืืœื ืžืขื™ืŸ ื•ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืฉืœื›ืŸ ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข "ืœื›ื• ืจืื• ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืืช ื™ืจื™ื—ื•" (ื›ื "ืœ ื”ืขืจื” 25).

[59] ื›ืคืจืฉ"ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื, ื›ื’: "ืžืฉืœ ืœืื“ื ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื›ื•' ืืฃ ืื ื™ ื”ื•ื“ื™ืชื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื›ื ืฉืžื ืชื—ื–ืจื• ื‘ื›ื ื›ืฉืชืจืื• ืฉืื™ื ื™ ืžืขื›ื‘".

[60] ื•ืขืค"ื– ื™ืฉ ืœืชืจืฅ ื”ืชืžื™ื”ื” ื‘ืคืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ืค' ื“ื‘ืจื™ื "ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื‘ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ", "ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื•ืœื ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืงื•ื, ื•ืื ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืžืฉื” ื”ื™' ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืžื” ืืžืจื” ื‘ืชื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื•ื›ื•'" โ€“ ื“ืœื›ืื•ืจื”, ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ื”ื™ื: ืื ืœื ื”ื•ื˜ื‘ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืœืžื” ืฉืœื—ื ืžืฉื” โ€“ ื›ื™, ื–ื” ืฉืœื ื”ื•ื˜ื‘ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืงืฉืชื ืœื—ืคื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ, ื•ื–ื” ืฉ"ื ืžืœืš ื‘ืฉื›ื™ื ื”" ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืืจืฅ.

[61] ืฉืžื•ืช ื’, ื™ื–. โ€“ ื•ืกื™ื•ืžื ื“ืงืจื "ืืœ ืืจืฅ ื–ื‘ืช ื—ืœื‘ ื•ื“ื‘ืฉ".

ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉืจืฉ"ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื ืจืง ื”ืชื—ืœืช ื”ืคืกื•ืง ืืฃ ืฉื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื•ื ืกื™ื•ืžื•, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืชืจืขื•ืžืช ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ื“ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื (ืฉืœื›ืŸ "ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืฉืื ื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ืžืงื•ื ืœื˜ืขื•ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ืœืžืขืŸ ืœื ื™ืจืฉื•ื”") โ€“ ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ื”ืขืœื” ืื•ืชื "ืžืขื ื™ (ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“) ืžืฆืจื™ื", ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืืจืฅ ืฉืชื ืชืŸ ืœื”ื, ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืื™ื ื” "ืืจืฅ ื˜ื•ื‘ื”", ื”"ื– ื‘ืื™ืŸึพืขืจื•ืš ืœ"ืขื ื™ ืžืฆืจื™ื", ื•ืขืื›ื•"ื› ื›ืฉ"ืื ื™ ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื”ื ืฉื”ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื”", ื•ืœื ืขื•ื“ ืืœื ืฉ"ื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ื ื‘ื ืชื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฆื•ืขืŸ ืžืฆืจื™ื", ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸ, "ื˜ืจืฉื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ", ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ืขื” ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžืฆื•ืขืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ืœื” ืฉื‘ืืจืฅ ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฆื•ืช (ืคืจืฉืชื ื• ืฉื, ื›ื‘ ื•ื‘ืคืจืฉ"ื™).

[62] ื•ืœื›ืŸ "ืœื ื”ื™' ืฉื‘ื˜ ืœื•ื™ ืขืžื”ื" (ืคืจืฉ"ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื, ื›ื’), ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื—ืœืง ื•ื ื—ืœื” ื‘ืืจืฅ.

[63] ื•ืืฃ ืฉื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื™ืขืงื‘ ื ืชืคืจืฉ "ื–ื‘ื•ืœื•ืŸ* ืœื—ื•ืฃ ื™ืžื™ื ื™ืฉื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื•' ื•ื™ืจื›ืชื• (ืกื•ืฃ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•) ืขืœ ืฆื™ื“ื•ืŸ" (ื•ื™ื—ื™ ืžื˜, ื™ื’ (ื•ื‘ืคืจืฉ"ื™)) โ€“ ื”ืจื™ (ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš ืฉื ืชืคืจืฉ ืจืง ื‘ื–ื‘ื•ืœื•ืŸ ื•ืœื ื‘ืฉืืจ ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื)**, ืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ื—ืœืง ืœื—ื•ืฃ ื™ืžื™ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื ื—ืœืชื ื’ื ื‘ื”ืจ ื•ื‘ืฉืคืœื” ื›ื•', ืฉื”ืจื™ "ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื˜ ื•ืฉื‘ื˜ ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื‘ื”ืจ ื•ื‘ืฉืคืœื” ื•ื‘ื ื’ื‘ ื•ื‘ืขืžืง ื›ื•'" (ื‘"ืง ืคื, ื‘). ื•ืจืื” ืœืงืžืŸ ืกื™"ื.

*) ื•ืขื“"ื– ื‘ื™ื•ืกืฃ, "ื•ืื ื™ ื ืชืชื™ ืœืš ืฉื›ื ืื—ื“ ืขืœ ืื—ื™ืš", "ืฉื›ื ืžืžืฉ" โ€“ ื”"ื– "ื—ืœืง ืื—ื“ ื™ืชื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืื—ื™ืš" (ืฉื ืžื—, ื›ื‘ ื•ื‘ืคืจืฉ"ื™).

**) ื•ื’ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื™ืฉื›ืจ ื•ืืฉืจ ืฉื ืจืžื– ื‘ื”ื ืข"ื“ ื—ืœืงื ื‘ืืจืฅ โ€“ "ื ืชื ื‘ื ืขืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืฉืชื”ื ืžื•ืฉื›ืช ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืžืขื™ื™ืŸ", "ืจืื” (ื™ืฉื›ืจ) ืœื—ืœืงื• ืืจืฅ ืžื‘ื•ืจื›ืช ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืคื™ืจื•ืช" ื‘"ื—ืœืงื• ืฉืœ ืืฉืจ . . ื™ื”ื™ื• ื–ื™ืชื™ื ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื" (ืคืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉื, ื™ืึพื˜ื•ึพื›) โ€“ ืœื ื ืชืคืจืฉ ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืืจืฆื. ื•ืขื“"ื– ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ื’ื“, "ื›ืœ ื’ื“ื•ื“ื™ื• ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื• ืขืœ ืขืงื‘ื ืœื ื—ืœืชื ืฉืœืงื—ื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ" (ืคืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉื, ื™ื˜), ื•(ื‘ื ื•ืช) ืžื ืฉื” ืฉ"ื ื˜ืœื• ื—ืœืง ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืขื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ" (ืคืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉื, ื›ื‘) โ€“ ืœื ื ืชืคืจืฉ ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืง. ื•ื’ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ื ืคืชืœื™ ืฉืžืคืจืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™ "ื–ื• ื‘ืงืขืช ื’ื™ื ื•ืกืจ" (ืฉื, ื›ื) โ€“ ื”"ื– ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™ (ืฉื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ื” ื ืชืงื™ื™ืžื” ื‘ืจื›ืช ื™ืขืงื‘), ื•ืœื ื ืชืคืจืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื™ืขืงื‘.

[64] ืคื™ื ื—ืก ื›ื•, ื ื”.

[65] ืœืชืฉืขืช ื”ืžื˜ื•ืช ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืžื˜ื” ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื ื—ืœืชื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ ืžืขืจื‘ื”, ืžืฉื"ื› ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืช ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืžื˜ื” ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื ื—ืœืชื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ ืžื–ืจื—ื” ืข"ื™ ืžืฉื”, ืื‘ืœ, ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ืช ื”ืืจื‘ืขื™ื, ืœืื—ืจื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ืฉืœื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ, ื•ืขื“ ืื– ื”ื™ื• ืกื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ื‘ื "ื™ ื™ื ื—ืœื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ ืžืขืจื‘ื” (ืจืื” ื‘ืืจื•ื›ื” ืกื”"ืฉ ืชืฉ"ื  ื—"ื‘ ืข' 543 ื•ืื™ืœืš).

[66] ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื™ื“, ื ื•ืื™ืœืš.

[67] ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืžืžืฉ, ื›ื "ืœ ื”ืขืจื•ืช 58ึพ57.

[68] "ื›ื“ืจืš ื”ืขืžื™ื ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ืฉื™ืฉืœื—ื• ืื™ืฉ ืื—ื“ ืื• ืฉื ื™ื . . ื•ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื™ืงื™ื ื•ืคื•ื—ื–ื™ื" (ืื‘ืจื‘ื ืืœ ืฉื), "ื“ืจื›ื ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืงืœื™ ืขื•ืœื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ืžืกืชื›ื ื™ื" (ืืœืฉื™ืš ืฉื).

[69] ืฉื ื‘, ื˜ึพื™ื.

[70] ืฉื, ื›ื“.

[71] ืคืจืฉ"ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื, ื›ื’.

[72] ืœืงื•"ืช ืจื™ืฉ ืคืจืฉืชื ื•. ื•ื‘ื›"ืž.

[73] ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื“, ื. ื•ืจืื” ืกื”"ืฉ ืชื ืฉ"ื ื—"ื‘ ืข' 535 (ืœืขื™ืœ ืข' 147) ื•ืื™ืœืš.

[74] ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืงื—, ื.

[75] ืจืื” ืžื’ืœื” ืขืžื•ืงื•ืช ืขื”"ืช ืคืจืฉืชื ื• ื™ื“, ืœื”. ื”ื ืกืžืŸ ื‘ืœืงื•"ืฉ ื—ื›"ื’ ืข' 102 ื”ืขืจื” 60.

[76] ืœื”ืขื™ืจ ืžืื‘ื•ืช ืค"ื“ ืž"ื’: "ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ืื“ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืฉืขื”" โ€“ ืฉื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉ"ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื”" ืคื•ืขืœืช ืคืขื•ืœืชื”, ืืฃ ืฉื™ืชื›ืŸ (ืžืื™ื–ื• ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื”ื™ื) ืฉื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืชื”ื™' ืœืื—ืจื™ ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ.

[77] ืจืื” ื’ื ื‘ืืจ ืžื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ืขืจื” 19.

[78] ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช" (ืžื›ื™ืœืชื ื•ืคืจืฉ"ื™ ื™ืชืจื• ื™ื˜, ื”), ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื‘ืคืชื™ื—ืช ื“ืจืš ื—ื“ืฉื” (ืจืื” ืœืงื•"ืฉ ื—"ื› ืก"ืข 74. ื•ืฉ"ื ) โ€“ ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ืฆืจืš ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืข"ื™ "ื›ืœ ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื . . ืจืืฉื™ ืืœืคื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ", ื•ื‘ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ื“ื•ืงื.

[79] ืข"ื“ ืคืขื•ืœืช ืžืฉื” ืข"ื™ ืจืื™ื™ืช ื”ืืจืฅ (ืจืื” ืฆืคืข"ื  ืขื”"ืช ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœื“, ื).

[80] ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™' ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ (ืœืื—ืจื™ ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื‘ืข) ืข"ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื“ื•ืงื โ€“ "ื›ืคื ื™ ืœื‘ื ื”" (ื‘"ื‘ ืขื”, ืกืข"ื).

[81] ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงื™ื˜, ืงืกื‘.

[82] ืœืงื•ื˜ื™ ืœื•ื™"ืฆ ืื’"ืง ืข' ืงืฆื—.

[83] ืชื ื™ื ืคืœ"ื•.

[84] ืจืื” ืชื ื™ื ืื’ื”"ืง ืก"ื” (ืงื˜, ื). ื•ื‘ื›"ืž.

[85] ืจืื” ืœืงื•"ืฉ ื—ื›"ื’ ืข' 54. ื•ืฉ"ื .

[86] ืœื”ืขื™ืจ ืžืกืคืจื™ ืขืงื‘ ื™ื, ื™ื•"ื“: "ื™"ื‘ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื ื™ืชื ื• ื›ื ื’ื“ ื™"ื‘ ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืœื ืฉื•ื• ื˜ืขื ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืืจืฆื• ืฉืœ ื–ื” ื›ื˜ืขื ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืืจืฆื• ืฉืœ ื–ื”".

[87] ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœื’, ื”.

[88] ืœื”ืขื™ืจ ืžื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื“ื™"ื‘ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื™ ืืœื›ืกื•ืŸ โ€“ "ื›ืžื• ืขื“"ืž ื”ืืœื›ืกื•ืŸ ืฉื›ื•ืœืœ ื•ืžืื—ื“ ื‘' ืงืฆื•ื•ืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืžื–ืจื— ื•ืžืขืจื‘ ืžืขืœื” ื•ืžื˜ื” ื›ื•'", ื”ืชื›ืœืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืื—ื“ื•ืช ื“ืฉืฉื” ืงืฆื•ื•ืช (ืจืื” ืื•ื”"ืช ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื•, ืกืข"ื‘ ื•ืื™ืœืš).

[89] ืคืจืฉ"ื™ ืขื”"ืช ื‘ืชื—ืœืชื•. ื•ื‘ื›"ืž.

[90] ืจืื” ืกืคืจื™ ืจ"ืค ืขืงื‘ (ื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘ื™ืœ"ืฉ ืคืจืฉืชื ื• ืจืžื– ืชืฉืžื’): "ื"ื™ ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืžื›ืœ ื ื‘ืจืืช ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืœ, ืฉื ืืžืจ ืขื“ ืœื ืขืฉื” ืืจืฅ ื•ื—ื•ืฆื•ืช ื•ืจืืฉ ืขืคืจื•ืช ืชื‘ืœ, ืืจืฅ ืืœื• ืฉืืจ ืืจืฆื•ืช . . ื•ืจืืฉ ืขืคืจื•ืช ืชื‘ืœ ื–ื• ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ . . ืœืžื” ื ืงืจื ืชื‘ืœ ืฉืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืชื•ื‘ืœืช ื‘ื›ืœ, ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฆื•ืช ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื• ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื• . . ืื‘ืœ ื"ื™ ืื™ื ื” ื—ืกืจื” ื›ืœื•ื ื›ื•'".

[91] ืจืื” ืœืขื™ืœ ื”ืขืจื” 63.

[92] ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื™ื˜, ื™ื—.

[93] ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืœื˜, ืกืข"ื. ื•ืฉ"ื .

[94] ืจืื” ื‘ืืจื•ื›ื” ืœืงื•"ืช ืจ"ืค ื ืฆื‘ื™ื. ื•ื‘ื›"ืž.

[95] ื•ืœื”ืขื™ืจ, ืฉื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืขืฉืจื” ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืงืจืื™ื "ืขื“ื”" (ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืื—ืช) โ€“ ืœืžื“ื™ื ืžืคืจืฉืช ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื (ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื›ื’, ื‘ โ€“ ื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘ืคืจืฉ"ื™ ืคืจืฉืชื ื• ื™ื“, ื›ื–). โ€“ ื ืชื‘ืืจ ื‘ืืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืœืงื•"ืฉ ื—ืœ"ื’ ืข' 85 ื•ืื™ืœืš.

[96] ืชืขื ื™ืช ื›ื˜, ื.

[97] ืจืื” ืข"ื— ืฉื™"ื— ืค"ื”. ืฉืœ"ื— ื“ืจื•ืฉ ื. ืชื ื™ื ืื’ื”"ืง ืกื›"ื— ื‘ืฉื ื–ื•ื”"ืง. ื•ื‘ื›"ืž.

[98] ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืจื•ืžื– ื’ื ื‘"ืฉืœื— ืœืš, ืœื“ืขืชืš" โ€“ ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ื•ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืข"ื™ ื—ื›ืžื” ื‘ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืชื”, ืฉื›ื•ืœืœืช ื’ื (ื‘ื™ื ื” ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ) ื“ืขืช.

[99] ื•ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื’ื ื‘ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืชืžื•ื–, ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ โ€“ ื›ื™, ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ื”ื•ื ืข"ื“ ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™' ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืœื‘ื—ื™' ื”ืžืงื‘ืœ (ื’ื™ืž"ืœ ื“ืœ"ืช โ€“ "ื’ืžื•ืœ ื“ืœื™ื" (ืฉื‘ืช ืงื“, ื)), ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื“ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™, ืฉื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ื ืชื™ื ืชึพื›ื— ืœื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ื•ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืœืžื˜ื” ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื.

[100] ื”ื—ืœ ืžื”ื”ืชื—ืœืงื•ืช ืœืฉืœืฉ โ€“ "ืื•ืจื™ืืŸ ืชืœื™ืชืื™ ื›ื•' ืœืขื ืชืœื™ืชืื™" (ืฉื‘ืช ืคื—, ื).

[101] ืžื’ืœื” ืขืžื•ืงื•ืช ืื•ืคืŸ ืงืคื•.

[102] ืจืื” ืกื”"ืž ืชืฉ"ื• ืข' 46. ืชืฉ"ื˜ ืข' 41 (ื”ื‘'). ื•ืขื•ื“.

[103] ืžื ื—ื•ืช ื›ื˜, ื. ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืœ' ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืค"ื ื”ื™"ื˜. ื˜ื•ืฉื•"ืข ื™ื•"ื“ ืกืจืข"ื“ ืก"ื“. ืื•"ื— ืกืœ"ื‘ ืก"ื“. ืฉื•"ืข ืื“ื”"ื– ืื•"ื— ืฉื ืก"ื”.

[104] ืจืื” ื–ื—"ื’ ืขื, ื. ืชืงื•"ื– ืชื›"ื”. ืฉื•"ืช ื ื•ื‘"ื™ ืžื”ื“"ืช ืื•"ื— ืกืง"ื˜. ืื‘ื ื™ ื ื–ืจ ื™ื•"ื“ ื—"ื‘ ืกืฉืข"ื.

[105] ืจืื” ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืœ' ื™ืกื•ื”"ืช ืค"ื‘ ื”"ื™.

[106] ืจืื” ืชื ื—ื•ืžื ืคืงื•ื“ื™ ื’. ื•ืขื•ื“.

[107] ืื‘ื•ืช ื“ืจ"ื  ืกืคืœ"ื.

[108] ื“ื”"ื ื›ื—, ื˜. ื•ืจืื” ืชื ื™ื ืงื•"ื ืงื ื•, ื‘. ื•ื‘ื›"ืž.

[109] ื–ื—"ื’ ืงื›ื“, ื‘ โ€“ ื‘ืจืข"ืž. ื”ื•ื‘ื ื•ื ืช' ื‘ืชื ื™ื ืื’ื”"ืง ืกื›"ื•.

[110] ืชื ื™ื ืจืคืœ"ื‘.

[111] ืจืื” ืชื ื™ื ืกืค"ื’.

[112] ืชื ื—ื•ืžื ื‘ื”ืขืœื•ืชืš ื™ื•"ื“. ื‘ืžื“ื‘"ืจ ืคื˜"ื•, ื˜ื•. ื•ืขื•ื“.

[113] ื•ื›ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื‘ืž"ืช (ืฉืื– ื”ื™' ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื‘ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ืขื“ ืฉืคืจื—ื” ื ืฉืžืชืŸ) โ€“ "ืื ื›ื™ ื•ืœื ื™ื”ื™' ืœืš ืžืคื™ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉืžืขื ื•ื, ืื—ืช ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืืœืงื™ื ืฉืชื™ื ื–ื• ืฉืžืขืชื™" (ืคืจืฉ"ื™ ืคืจืฉืชื ื• ื˜ื•, ื›ื‘).

[114] ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืข"ืค ื”ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ืฉ"ืฉื ื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื" ื”ื™ื• ื›ืœื‘ ื•ืคื™ื ื—ืก, ื•ืืขืค"ื›, ื ื–ื›ืจื• ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื›"ืฉื ื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื" ืกืชื (ื›ืžื• ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ืข"ื“ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ โ€“ ื•ืจืื” ืœืขื™ืœ ื”ืขืจื” 68), ืฉื‘ื–ื” ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ.

[115] ื•ืื“ืจื‘ื” โ€“ ื‘ื”ืคืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื“ืื ืฉื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ืžืชื’ืœื” ืคืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืขืฆืžื•ืช (ืจืื” ื›ืฉ"ื˜ ื”ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืกืงื "ื“ ื•ืื™ืœืš. ื•ืฉ"ื ).

[116] ืžื™ื›ื” ื•, ื—.

[117] ื›ื "ืœ ื”ืขืจื” 27.

[118] ืคืจืฉืชื ื• ื™ื“, ื›ื“.

[119] ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืœ' ืฉืžื™ื˜ื” ื•ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ืคื™"ื’ ื”ื™"ื‘.

[120] ื‘"ื‘ ืงื›ื‘, ื.

[121] ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืžื—, ืœื. ื‘"ื‘ ืฉื.

[122] ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœื’, ื™ื•"ื“.

[123] ืฉื, ื™ื.

[124] ืงืจื— ื™ื—, ื›.

[125] ื™ืฉืขื™' ื™ื, ื˜.

[126] ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืœ' ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืกืค"ื˜.

[127] ืฉื ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื•ื—ื•ืชื ืกืคืจื•.

[128] ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืžื—, ื›ื˜.

[129] ื•ืž"ืฉ ื‘ื‘"ืง (ืฉื‘ื”ืขืจื” 63) ืฉื’ื ื‘ื—ืœื•ืงื” ื“ืขื•ื”"ื– "ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื˜ ื•ืฉื‘ื˜ ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื‘ื”ืจ ื•ื‘ืฉืคืœื” ื•ื‘ื ื’ื‘ ื•ื‘ืขืžืง" โ€“ ื”"ื– ืจืง ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื›ืœืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื˜, ืžืฉื"ื› ืœืขื•ื”"ื‘ ื”"ื– ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ, "ื•ืžืฉืžืข ืœื• ืฉืขืจ ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“", "ืื™ ื ืžื™*, ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื‘ืฉื•ื” ืžื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืžื–ื”, ืืœื ืžื–ื” ืžืขื˜ ื•ืžื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉื•ื”" (ืชื•ื“"ื” ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื‘"ื‘ ืฉื).

*) ื›ื™, ื”ืชื™ืจื•ืฅ ื”ื' ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืœื”ื’ื™ืจืกื "ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื˜ ื•ืฉื‘ื˜ ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื•'", ืžืฉื"ื› ืœื”ื’ื™ืจืกื (ื‘ื‘"ืง) "ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ" (ืฉื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ื’ื™ืจืกื ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ืช ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ืชื•ืก' ื‘ื‘"ื‘, ื•ืื—"ื› ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ "ื•ืžื™ื”ื• ืื™ืช ื“ื’ืจืก ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ืฉื‘ื˜ ื•ืฉื‘ื˜ ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ").

[130] ืจืžื‘"ื ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืœ' ืฉืžื™ื˜ื” ื•ื™ื•ื‘ืœ. โ€“ ื•ืžืกื™ื™ื: "ื”ืจื™ ื“ื•ื“ ืข"ื” ืื•ืžืจ ื”' ืžื ืช ื—ืœืงื™ ื•ื›ื•ืกื™ ืืชื” ืชื•ืžื™ืš ื’ื•ืจืœื™", ื‘ื—ื™' ื”ื’ื•ืจืœ ืฉื‘ื ืฉืžื”, ืขืฆื ื”ื ืฉืžื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืฉื•ื”*.

*) ื•ืœื”ืขื™ืจ, ืฉื’ื ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื™ื "ื‘ื’ื•ืจืœ" โ€“ ืฉื”ื”ืชื—ืœืงื•ืช (ื—ืœื•ืงื”) ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืขื ื”ืขืฆื ืฉืœืžืขืœื” ืžื”ืชื—ืœืงื•ืช (ืจืื” ืกื”"ืž ืžืœื•ืงื˜ ื—"ื ืข' ืงืœื˜ ื•ืื™ืœืš. ื•ืฉ"ื ).

[131] ืจืื” ื’ื "ื”ื“ืจืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื" (ืžืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉ"ืค ืœืš ืœืš ืฉ.ื–. โ€“ ืกื”"ืฉ ืชื ืฉ"ื ื—"ื ืข' 98 ื•ืื™ืœืš). ื•ืฉ"ื .

[132] ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงื“, ื›ื“.

[133] ืื‘ื•ืช ืกืค"ื•.

[134] ืฉื ืž"ื’.

[135] ื ื•ืกื— "ืžืจืฉื•ืช" ืœื—ืชืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช.

[136] ื•ืืชื—ื ืŸ ื“, ืœื”.

[137] ื”ืœื›ื” ื“.

[138] ื•ืœื”ืขื™ืจ, ืฉ"ืคื™ื ื—ืก ื”ื•ื ืืœื™ื”ื•" (ื–ื—"ื‘ ืงืฆ, ืกืข"ื. ื•ืขื•ื“), ืžื‘ืฉืจ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”.

[139] ื•ื™ื•ืžืชืง ืข"ืค ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืžืจื (ื‘"ื‘ ืฉื) "ืื™ื“ืš (ื—ืœืง ื”ื™"ื’) ืœืžืืŸ (ื“ื”ื ื™"ื‘ ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ืœื—ื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ื“ืฉืงืœื™ ื‘ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ (ืฉืืฃ ืฉื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื•ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืืคืจื™ื ื•ืžื ืฉื”) โ€“ ืจืฉื‘"ื ืฉื) . . ืœื ืฉื™ื (ืœืžืœืš ื”ืžืฉื™ื—* โ€“ ืจืฉื‘"ื ืฉื) . . ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ื”ื ื•ืชืจ ืœื ืฉื™ื ืžื–ื” ื•ืžื–ื” ื’ื•'" โ€“ ืฉ"ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ืœ", ืฉื›ื•ืœืœ ื•ืžืื—ื“ ื›ืœ ื‘ื "ื™.

*) ื•ืจืื” ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืœ' ืžืœื›ื™ื ืค"ื“ ื”"ื—: "ื”ืžืœืš ื”ืžืฉื™ื— ื ื•ื˜ืœ ืžื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฆื•ืช ืฉื›ื•ื‘ืฉื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื—ืœืง ืื—ื“ ืžืฉืœืฉื” ืขืฉืจ, ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื—ืง ืœื• ื•ืœื‘ื ื™ื• ืขื“ ืขื•ืœื" ("ื–ื” ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื ื‘ื•ืืช ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ื•ื”ื ื•ืชืจ ืœื ืฉื™ื . . ืœืžื“ื ื• ืฉื”ื™' ื ื•ื˜ืœ ื—ืœืง ื›ืื—ื“ ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื, ื•ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžืœืš ื”ืžืฉื™ื—" (ืจื“ื‘"ื– ืฉื)).

[140] ื•ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืฆื•ืช ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช ื’ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืข"ื– ื•ืฉื‘ืช (ื›ื "ืœ ื”ืขืจื” 13) โ€“ ืฉืข"ื– ื”ื™ื ื”ื›ืœืœ ื“ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืชื—ืœืงื•ืชืŸ ืœืชืจื™"ื’, "ืื ื›ื™ ื•ืœื ื™ื”ื™' ืœืš ืžืคื™ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉืžืขื ื•ื, ืื—ืช ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืืœืงื™ื ืฉืชื™ื ื–ื• ืฉืžืขืชื™", ื•ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื•"ืข ื›ืœืœื™ ืฉืœืžืขืœื” ืžื”ืชื—ืœืงื•ืช, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืฉื‘ืช ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื”ืขื•ืœื, ืžืฉื"ื› ืžืฆื•ืช ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช, ืœื”ื™ื•ืชื” ืžืฆื•ื” ืคืจื˜ื™ืช, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื“ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœืžืขืœื” ืžื”ืชื—ืœืงื•ืช.

[141] ืžืฉื"ื› ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื‘' ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื“ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข โ€“ ื‘ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจื” ืฉืœืื—ืจื™ ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ื“ืคืจืฉืช ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช โ€“ ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœืžืขืœื” ืžื”ืชื—ืœืงื•ืช ืœืคืจื˜ื™ื*.

*) ื•ืžืฆื“ ื–ื” ืฉื™ื™ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื›ืœืœ ื“ืข"ื– ื•ืฉื‘ืช (ืจืื” ื”ืขืจื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช).

[142] ืจืื” ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื ื—, ื. ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืœื—, ื. ื•ืขื•ื“.

[143] ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืกื”, ื.

[144] ืจืื” ืœืงื•"ืฉ ื—ื›"ื” ืข' 374. ื•ืฉ"ื .

[145] ื•ืขื™"ื– ื ื™ืชื•ืกืฃ ื’ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื ื™ื• ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืข"ื™ ืชืคืœืชื• (ื‘ืงืฉืช ืฆืจื›ื™ื•) โ€“ ืฉ"ืชืขืœื” ืชืคืœืชื• ื›ืœื•ืœื” ืžื›ืœ ืชืคืœื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืคืจื™" (ืฉืขืจ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ืœืชื•. ื•ืขื•ื“).

[146] ืื‘ื•ืช ืค"ื ืž"ื.

[147] ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืœ' ืช"ืช ืค"ื ื”"ื‘ ื•ืœืื“ื”"ื– ืฉื ื”"ื—.

[148] ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืงื“ืžืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืœืกืคืจ ื”ื™"ื“.

[149] ืœืงื•"ืฉ ื—ื›"ื– ืข' 229 ื•ืื™ืœืš. ื•ืขื•ื“.

[150] ืจืื” ื–ื—"ื’ ืขื’, ื. ืœืงื•"ืช ื•ื™ืงืจื ื”, ื’. ื ืฆื‘ื™ื ืžื•, ื. ื•ื‘ื›"ืž.

[151] ืจืื” ืื’"ืง ืื“ืžื•"ืจ ืžื•ื”ืจื™ื™"ืฆ ื—"ื‘ ืข' ืฉืœื. ื•ืฉ"ื .

[152] ื›ื•ืœืœ ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืจืžื, ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ืฉื ื™ื ืœื›"ื— ("ื›ื—") ืกื™ื•ืŸ (ืฉืžืชื‘ืจืš ืžื™ื•ื ื”ืฉ"ืง ื–ื”) โ€“ ืจืื” ื‘ืืจื•ื›ื” ืฉื™ื—ืช ื›"ื— ืกื™ื•ืŸ (ืกื”"ืฉ ืชื ืฉ"ื ื—"ื‘ ืข' 635 (ืœืงืžืŸ ืข' 243) ื•ืื™ืœืš).

[153] ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื˜ื•, ื. ืžื›ื™ืœืชื ื•ืคืจืฉ"ื™ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื›ื, ื•. โ€“ ื•ืœื”ืขื™ืจ ื’ื ืžืœืงื•"ืช ืคืจืฉืชื ื• ืžื‘, ื“ ื•ืื™ืœืš.

[154] ื›ื•ืœืœ ื’ื ื”ื”ื•ืกืคื” ื‘"ืœื“ืขืชืš" ื“ืžืฉื” (ื•ืขื™"ื– ื’ื ื‘ืžืฉื” ืฉื‘ื›ืื•"ื ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ) โ€“ ื›ืžืืจื–"ืœ "ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืœื ื‘ืขื•ื”"ื– ื•ืœื ื‘ืขื•ื”"ื‘" (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ืกื•ืคื”. ื•ืฉ"ื ), "ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืจืข"ื” ืฉื”ื ื‘ื’"ืข ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื’' ืืœืคื™ื ืฉื ื” ื•ืžืชืขืœื™ื ื‘ื›"ื™ ื’"ืค ื›ื•'" (ืกื”"ืž ืชืจื "ื“ ืข' ืจื›. ื•ืขื•ื“).

[155] ื›ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืžืœืš ื”ืžืฉื™ื— ืœื”ื‘ืขืฉ"ื˜ โ€“ ื‘ืžืขื ื” ืœืฉืืœืชื• ืื™ืžืช ืืชื™ ืžืจ โ€“ ื›ืฉื™ืคื•ืฆื• ืžืขื™ื ื•ืชื™ืš (ื“ื”ื‘ืขืฉ"ื˜) ื—ื•ืฆื” (ืื’ื”"ืง ื“ื”ื‘ืขืฉ"ื˜ โ€“ ื›ืฉ"ื˜ ื‘ืชื—ืœืชื•).

[156] ืœื”ืขื™ืจ ืžืžื’ื™ืœืช ืชืขื ื™ืช (ืค"ื’)* ืฉื‘ื›"ื” ืกื™ื•ืŸ (ืขืจื‘ ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉ"ืง ื–ื”) ื‘ื˜ืœ ื”ืขืจืขื•ืจ ื“ืื•ื”"ืข ืฉื”ื™ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืข"ื™ ื”"ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื ืฆื—ืช" ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ื™ื”ื” ื‘ืŸ ืคืกื™ืกื.

*) ื•ืž"ืฉ ื‘ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ (ืฆื, ื) "ื‘ื›"ื“ ื ื™ืกืŸ" โ€“ ื˜ืขื•ืช ื”ื“ืคื•ืก ื”ื•ื, ื•ืฆ"ืœ ื›"ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื›"ื“, ื•ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื ื™ืกืŸ ("ื•ื“ืื™ ื˜"ืก ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื“ืžื•ื›ื—ืฉ ื–ื” ืžื”ื›ื (ืžืžื’ื™ืœืช ืชืขื ื™ืช), ื“ื˜ืคื™ ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ื ืชื—ืœืฃ ื”ืชื ืžืœืช ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื“ืคื™ืก ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื• ื ื™ืกืŸ, ืžืœื•ืžืจ ื“ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืฉื” ื“ื”ื›ื ืฉืœื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื• ืขื•ืžื“, ื“ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืขื™ืœ ืค"ื" (ื”ืคืจืง ื“ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื ื™ืกืŸ)) โ€“ ืจืื” ื‘ืืจื•ื›ื” ืชื•ืก' ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืžื’ื™ืœืช ืชืขื ื™ืช ืฉื.

[157] ืœืš ืœืš ื˜ื•, ื™ื—ึพื›ื ื•ื‘ืคืจืฉ"ื™.

[158] ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื›ื•, ื. ื•ืฉ"ื .

[159] ื‘ืžื›"ืฉ ื•ืง"ื• ืžื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืžืžืืกืจ ื“ืื™ืฉ ืคืจื˜ื™* โ€“ "ืืจื‘ืขื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ืŸ ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ื™ื•ืจื“ื™ ื”ื™ื . . ื•ืžื™ ืฉื”ื™' ื—ื‘ื•ืฉ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืืกื•ืจื™ื . . ื™ื•ื“ื• ืœื”' ื—ืกื“ื• ื•ื ืคืœืื•ืชื™ื• ืœื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื" (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื ื“, ื‘), ื•ืขืื›ื•"ื› ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ื“ื›ืœ ื‘ื "ื™ ืžื”ืžืืกืจ ื“ื›ืœ ื“' ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื’ืื•ืœื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื—ืจื™' ื’ืœื•ืช.

*) ืœื”ืขื™ืจ ืžื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื›"ื— ืกื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืจืื” ืœืขื™ืœ ื”ืขืจื” 152.

[160] ืจืื” ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืœ' ืชืžื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืžื•ืกืคื™ืŸ ืค"ื• ื”"ื”.

[161] ืžื›ื™ืœืชื ื‘ืฉืœื— ื˜ื•, ื. ื•ืขื•ื“.

[162] ื™ืฉืขื™' ื ื, ื“. ื•ื™ืง"ืจ ืคื™"ื’, ื’.

[163] ื™ืจืžื™' ืœื, ืœื’.

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In these days we really only need to open the eyes and to see the existence in actual reality - that we are sitting together with the Hashem at the "Prepared Table" for the wedding feast, the feast of Livyosan, Shor HaBor and Yayin Meshumar.

- The Rebbe Shlita, Melech HaMoshiach,

ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ

ืœื›"ืง ืื“ืžื•"ืจ ืžืœืš ื”ืžืฉื™ื— ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
ืžื”ืจื” ื™ื’ืœื” ืื›ื™"ืจ

ย 

ืœืข"ื  ื”ื—ืกื™ื“ ืจ' ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืข"ื”ย 

ื•ื”ืงื™ืฆื• ื•ืจื ื ื• ืฉื•ื›ื ื™ ืขืคืจ ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื,

ื‘ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ืžืœื›ื™ื ื• ืžืฉื—ื™ื ื• ืชื™ื›ืฃ ื•ืžื™ื“ ืžืžืฉ


ื™ื—ื™ ืื“ื•ื ื ื• ืžื•ืจื ื• ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืžืœืš ื”ืžืฉื™ื— ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ืขื“




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